Can Go week 6

Go has moved from a small startup to a recognized growth company having a recent IPO offering. CanGo is currently lacking in a critical area for any business. It needs to focus on Strategic Planning. Strategic Planning will benefit CanGo by allowing it to: 1. Clearly define its goals consistently with its Mission and Vision statement. 2. Communicate effectively its goals to all of the organization. 3. Provide a foundation on which to direct future efforts. CanGo has the layers for a hierarchical organization. CanGo will work well within a matrix management structure.Matrix management pools a group of people together with similar skills to work on different projects. Weights are usually assigned to criteria based on the importance of the criteria to the decision maker, and criteria are rarely of equal importance to a decision maker. The synthesis of an alternative is mainly done on the basis of prioritized objectives. When a suitable process is decided and applied to a problem, rating of the alternatives can be converted into ranks, based basically on the preferences of a decision maker.Once the a list of key features is arrived at, they are ordered from most to least important. Ranking is determined according to: * Personal preferences. * Relationship with disciplinary preferences. * In terms of their meaning. It is also important to identify other features that are used in the decision maker's comprehensive evaluation that aren't being used in his criteria-based evaluation. The list may also be needed to be revised and checked if it suits the decision maker's initial requirements.When this process is completed, the decision maker's assessment should reflect in the rankings given to specific features. When the decision maker has a good sense of the criteria and the overall assessment is well aligned, it ‘s time to assign weights to criteria. Weights are always assigned strictly based on the logic of the decision making authorities, but they are not always assigned keeping Just quantitative results in mind, sometimes, weights can also be assigned to criteria for purely qualitative purposes.

Feminization of Poverty Essay

Researching Feminization of poverty was quite interesting. I read all the different opinions on the internet, the student forum and articles about it as well. As I feel strongly about the subject I had already formed my opinion about it. Coming from a not so great upcoming when I was young I always analyzed women’s actions and the reasons why most women my mother and the people she associated with were under the poverty line. I came up with three very specific reasons, one relation with men, two low self-esteem, and three uneducated. My mother actually possessed all three. I have till the day I can remember have always observed women and their relationships with men and studied what I thought they did wrong and what I thought they did right. I would see my mom give in quickly to my father even though she was right in the situation and that caused rifts in the relationships that will ultimately jeopardize finances and in return cause many other issues in the household from havi ng to budget and find different resources to accommodate the needs of what wasn’t being met at home. Even though that meant my mother going to churches for charity for clothes, shoes, gifts for holidays and rent assistance just to keep a couple of extra bucks in my father’s pocket. Secondly, Self-esteem it seems kind of unruly but it definitely fits in to the equation if you think about it. Self-esteem stopped my mother and others she associated with to go out and seek better opportunities. Not having perfect teeth, suitable clothes, or being groomed a certain way can lower your self-esteem to the point where you doubt yourself in to being able to get that position which leads to settling for what you have and in return you do not better your life or are able to teach your children that you can achieve whatever your heart desires in life. Lastly Education, my mother and others she knew did not have sufficient or any education to advance into any new positions or give them the ability to apply for a better position else were. Not knowing or not advancing in a career can leave you stuck in a dead end job for years and ultimately leave you wondering where have all the years gone by? Although many may read this and think that I am putting women at fault for everything involving feminization of Poverty. I can only help but see the facts as a person who has been through it and has made the efforts to change that cycle I can only express my opinion and wait for  someone to prove me otherwise.

Upsee 2009

UPSEE – 2009 Full Paper Section-1 Physics 1. If 3. 8 ? 10-6 is added to 4. 2 ? 10-5 giving due regard to significant figures, then the result will be : 1) 4. 58 ? 10-5 2) 4. 6 ? 10-5 3) 4. 5 ? 10-5 4) None of these 2. A ball is dropped from a bridge at a height of 176. 4 m over a river. After 2 s, a second ball is thrown straight downwards. What should be the initial velocity of the second ball so that both hit the water simultaneously ? 1) 2. 45 ms-1 2) 49 ms-1 3) 14. 5 ms-1 4) 24. 5 ms-1 3. Which of the following are true ? 1. A body having constant speed can have varying velocity. . Position time graphs for two objects with zero relative velocity are parallel. 3. The numerical ratio of velocity to speed of an object can never be more than one. 1) 1 only 2) 2 and 3 3) All 4) None of these 4. The centripetal acceleration of a body moving in a circle of radius 100 m with a time period of 2 s will be 1) 98. 5 ms-2 2) 198. 5 ms-2 3) 49. 29 ms-2 4) 985. 9 ms-2 5. How many NAND ga tes are used in an OR gate? 1) Four 2) Two 3) Three 4) Five 1/39 eng. edooni. com 6. A 5000 kg rocket is set for vertical firing. The exhaust speed is 800 ms-1.To give an initial upward acceleration of 20 ms-2, the amount of gas ejected per second to supply the needed thrust will be (g = 10 ms-2) 1) 127. 5 kg s-1 2) 187. 5 kg s-1 3) 185. 5 kg s-1 4) 137. 5 kg s-1 7. Induction furnace is based on the heating effect of 1) electric field 2) eddy current 3) magnetic field 4) gravitational field 8. A 5. 0 ? F capacitor is charged to a potential difference of 800 V and discharged through a conductor. The energy given to the conductor during the discharge is 1) 1. 6 ? 10-2 J 2) 3. 2 J 3) 1. 6 J 4) 4. 2 J 9.If the electric field is given by (5i + 4j + 9 ), the electric flux through a surface of area 20 unit lying in the Y-Z plane will be 1) 100 unit 2) 80 unit 3) 180 unit 4) 20 unit 10. An aluminium (Al) rod with area of cross-section 4 ? 10-6 m 2 has a current of 5 A flowing through it. Fi nd the drift velocity of electron in the rod. Density of Al = 2. 7 ? 103 kgm -3 and atomic wt. = 27 u. Assume that each Al atom provides one electron. 1) 8. 6 ? 10-4 ms-1 2) 1. 3 ? 10-4 ms-1 3) 2. 8 ? 10-2 ms-1 4) 3. 8 ? 10-3 ms-1 11. Taking the internal resistance of the battery as negligible, the steady state current in the 2? esistor shown in the figure will be 2/39 eng. edooni. com 1) 1. 8 A 2) 2. 9 A 3) 0. 9 A 4) 2. 8 A 12. Which statement is true ? 1. Kirchhoff's law is equally applicable to both AC and DC. 2. Semiconductors have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance. 3. Meter bridge is greater sensitive when the resistance of all the four arms of the bridge are of the same order. 4. The emf of a cell depends upon the size and area of electordes. 1) 1 and 4 2) 2 and 4 3) 3 and 4 4) None of these 13. Six resistors, each of value 3 are connected as shown in the figure. A cell of emf 3 V is ? onnected across AB. The effective resistance across AB and the current throug h the arm AB will be 1) 0. 6 ? , 1 A 2) 1. 5 ? , 2 A 3) 0. 6 ? , 2 A 4) 1. 5 ? , 1 A 3/39 eng. edooni. com 14. If t1 and t2 are the times taken by two different coils for producing same heat with same supply, then the time taken by them to produce the same heat when connected in parallel will be 1) t1t2/(t1 + t2) 2) t1 + t2 3) t1t2 4) (t1 + t2)/t1t2 15. In a p-n junction diode, a square input signal of 10 V is applied as shown in figure. The output signal across RL will be 1) 2) 3) 4) 16.Neutrino emission in ? -decay was predicted theoretically by 1) Planck 2) Heisenberg 3) Laue 4) Pauli 17. A telescope consists of two thin lenses of focal lengths 0. 3 m and 3 cm respectively. It is focused on moon which subtends on angle of 0. 5 ° at the objective. Then, the angle subtended at the eye by the final image will be 1) 5 ° 2) 0. 25 ° 3) 0. 5 ° 4) 0. 35 ° 18. A ray of light passes through an equilateral prism such that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergence a nd the latter is equal to (3/4) the angle of prism. The angle of deviation is 1) 25 ° 2) 30 ° /39 3) 45 ° 4) 35 ° eng. edooni. com 1) 25 ° 2) 30 ° 3) 45 ° 4) 35 ° 19. A parallel monochromatic beam of light is incident normally on a narrow slit. A diffraction pattern is formed on a screen placed perpendicular to the direction of the incident beam. At the first minimum of the diffraction pattern, the phase difference between the rays coming from the two edges of slit is 1) zero 2) ? 3) ? /2 4) 2 ? 20. A wire of length 2 m carrying a current of 1 A is bent to form a circle, the magnetic moment of the coil is 1) 2? Am 2 2) (1/? ) Am 2 3) ? Am 2 4) (2/? ) Am 2 21.Which of the following particles will describe the smallest circle when projected with the same velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field ? 1) Electron 2) Proton 3) ? -particle 4) Deuteron 22. Nickel shows ferromagnetic property at room temperature. If the temperature is increased beyond curie temperature, the n it will show 1) paramagnetism 2) diamagnetism 3) anti-ferromagnetism 4) no magnetic property 23. A metal disc of radius 100 cm is rotated at a constant angular speed of 60 rads-1 in a plane at right angles to an external field of magnetic induction 0. 5 Wbm -2. The emf induced between the centre and a point on the rim will be 1) 3 V 2) 1. 5 V 3) 6 V 4) 9 V 24. Which of the following is NOT an illustration of Newton's third law ? 1) Flight of a jet plane 2) A cricket player lowering his hands while catching a cricket ball 3) Walking on floor 4) Rebounding of a rubber ball 5/39 eng. edooni. com 25. Four blocks of same mass connected by cords are pulled by a force F on a smooth horizontal surface, as shown in figure. The tensions T 1, T 2 and T 3 will be F 27. Which of the following statements is wrong ? ) KE of a body is independent of the direction of motion 2) In an elastic collision of two bodies, the momentum and energy of each body is conserved 3) If two protons are brought tow ards each other, the PE of the system decreases 4) A body can not have energy without momentum 28. A car is moving along a circular path of radius 500 m with a speed of 30 ms-1. If at some instant, its speed increases at the rate of 2 ms-2, then at that instant the magnitude of resultant acceleration will be 1) 4. 7 ms-2 2) 3. 8 ms-2 3) 3 ms-2 4) 2. 7 ms-2 29. A constant power P is applied to a car starting from rest.If v is the velocity of the car at time t, then 1) v 2) v 3) v 4) v t (1/t) vt 1/vt 30. The effect of rotation of the earth on the value of acceleration due to gravity is 1) g is maximum at the equator and minimum at the poles 2) g is minimum at the equator and maximum at the poles 3) g is maximum at both places 4) g is minimum at both places 31. A heat engine is a device 6/39 eng. edooni. com 1) which converts mechanical energy into heat energy 2) which converts heat energy into mechanical energy 3) absorbs heat from a sink at a lower temperature and rejects to the sou rce at high temperature 4) None of the above 32.The ratio of the radii of gyration of a circular disc about a tangential axis in the plane of the disc and of a circular ring of the same radius about a tangential axis in the plane of the ring is 1) v3 : v5 2) v12 : v3 3) 1 : v3 4) v5 : v6 33. Two blocks of masses 6 kg and 4 kg are placed on a frictionless surface and connected by a spring. If the heavier mass is given a velocity of 14 ms-1 in the direction of lighter one, then the velocity gained by the centre of mass will be 1) 7. 4 ms-1 2) 14 ms-1 3) 8. 4 ms-1 4) 10 ms-1 34.Two identical pendulums are oscillating with amplitudes 4 cm and 8 cm. The ratio of their energies of oscillation will be 1) 1/3 2) 1/4 3) 1/9 4) 1/2 35. Fundamental frequency of a sonometer wire is n. If the length and diameter of the wire are doubled keeping the tension same, then the new fundamental frequency is 1) 2n/v2 2) n/2v2 3) v2n 4) n/4 36. Which of the following p-V diagrams best represents an isother mal process ? 1) 7/39 eng. edooni. com 2) 3) 4) 37. A body floats in a liquid contained in a beaker.If the whole system falls under gravity, then the upthrust on the body due to liquid is 1) equal to the weight of the body in air 2) equal to the weight of the body in liquid 3) zero 4) equal to the weight of the immersed part of the body 38. A car sounding its horn at 480 Hz moves towards a high wall at a speed of 20 ms-1. If the speed of sound is 340 ms-1, the frequency of the reflected sound heard by the girl sitting in the car will be closest to 1) 540 Hz 2) 524 Hz 3) 568 Hz 4) 480 Hz 39. A block A of mass 100 kg rests on another block B of mass 200 kg and is tied to a wall as shown in the figure.The coefficient of friction between A and B is 0. 2 and that between B and the ground is 0. 3. The minimum force F required to move the block B is (g = 10 ms-2) 8/39 eng. edooni. com 1) 900 N 2) 200 N 3) 1100 N 4) 700 N 40. A body takes n times as much time to slide down a 45 ° rough in cline as it takes to slide down a smooth 45 ° incline. The coefficient of friction is 1) 1 – (1/n2) 2) 1/(1 – n2) 3) v(1 – (1/n2)) 4) 1/v(1 – n2) 41. A force of (5 + 3x) N acting on a body of mass 20 kg along the x-axis displaces it from x = 2 m to x = 6 m. The work done by the force is 1) 20 J 2) 48 J 3) 68 J 4) 86 J 42.A rock of mass m is dropped to the ground from a height h. A second rock with mass 2 m is dropped from the same height. When second rock strikes the ground, what is its kinetic energy ? 1) Twice that of the first rock 2) Four times that of the first rock 3) The same as that of the first rock 4) Half that of the first rock 43. The escape velocity from the earth is 11 kms-1. The escape velocity from a planet having twice the radius and same mean density as that of earth is 1) 5. 5 kms-1 2) 11 kms-1 3) 22 kms-1 4) None of these 44. If one mole of a monoatomic gas (? (5/3)) is mixed with one mole of a diatomic gas ( = ? 9/39 eng. edooni. co m 44. If one mole of a monoatomic gas (? = (5/3)) is mixed with one mole of a diatomic gas ( = ? (7/5)), the value of ? for the mixture is 1) 1. 40 2) 1. 50 3) 1. 53 4) 3. 07 45. Two rods of the same length and diameter having thermal conductivities K1 and K2 are joined in parallel. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the combination is 1) K1K2/(K1 + K2) 2) K1 + K2 3) (K1 + K2)/2 4) vK1K2 46. A body initially at 80 °C cools to 64 °C in 5 min and to 52 °C in 10 min. The temperature of the surrounding is 1) 26 °C 2) 16 °C 3) 36 °C 4) 40 °C 47.A cylindrical tube open at both ends, has a fundamental frequency f in air. The tube is dipped vertically in water so that half of it is in water. The fundamental frequency of air column is now 1) f/2 2) f 3) 3f/4 4) 2f 48. Two plane mirrors are inclined at an angle ?. It is found that a ray incident on one mirror at any angle is rendered parallel to itself after reflection from both the mirrors. The value of ? is 1) 30 ° 2) 60  ° 3) 90 ° 4) 120 ° 49. When a ray of light enters a glass slab from air 1) its wavelength decreases 2) its wavelength increases 3) its frequency increases 4) neither its wavelength nor its frequency changes 50.Critical angle of light passing from glass to water is minimum for 1) red colour 2) green colour 10/39 eng. edooni. com 3) yellow colour 4) violet colour 51. A ray of light falls on a transparent glass slab of refractive index 1. 62. If the reflected ray and the refracted ray are mutually perpendicular, the angle of incidence is 1) tan-1(1. 62) 2) tan-1(1/1. 62) 3) tan-1(1. 33) 4) tan-1(1/1. 33) 52. An object A has a charge of ? C and the object B has a charge of ? C. 6 Which + 2 + statements is true ? 1) F AB = -3F BA 2) F AB = -F BA 3) 3F AB = -F BA 4) F AB = 4F BA 53.The equivalent capacitance between A and B for the combination of capacitors shown in figure, where all capacitances are in microfarad is 1) 6. 0 ? F 2) 4. 0 ? F 3) 2. 0 ? F 4) 3. 0 ? F 54. Two charged p articles are projected into a region in which a magnetic field is perpendicular to their velocities. After they enter the magnetic field, you can conclude that 1) the charges are deflected in opposite directions 2) the charges continue to move in a straight line 3) the charges move in circular paths 4) the charges move in circular paths but in opposite directions 11/39 eng. edooni. com 55.A solenoid consists of 100 turns of wire and has a length of 10. 0 cm. The magnetic field inside the solenoid when it carries a current of 0. 500 A will be 1) 6. 28 ? 10-4 T 2) 6. 28 ? 10-5 T 3) 3. 14 ? 10-4 T 4) None of these 56. An AC voltage source has an output of ? V = (200 V) sin 2? ft. This source is connected to a 100 ? resistor. RMS current in the resistance is 1) 1. 41 A 2) 2. 41 A 3) 3. 41 A 4) 0. 71 A 57. A generator at a utility company produces 100 A of current at 4000 V. The voltage is stepped up to 240000 V by a transformer before it is sent on a high voltage transmission line.The c urrent in transmission line is 1) 3. 67 A 2) 2. 67 A 3) 1. 67 A 4) 2. 40 A 58. The energy of a photon of wavelength ? is 1) hc? 2) hc/? 3) ? /hc 4) h? /c 59. In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the lowest orbit corresponds to 1) infinite energy 2) maximum energy 3) minimum energy 4) zero energy 60. Consider ? -particles, ? -particles and? -rays, each having an energy of 0. 5 MeV. In increasing order of penetrating powers, the radiations are 1) ? , ? , ? 2) ? , ? , ? 3) ? , ? , ? 4) ? , ? , ? 12/39 eng. edooni. com 61. The figure shows the symbol of a 1) AND gate 2) OR gate 3) NOT gate 4) NAND gate 62.In ? + decay process, the following changes take place inside the nucleus 1) 2) 3) 4) 63. In a transistor the base is 1) an insulator 2) a conductor of low resistance 3) a conductor of high resistance 4) an extrinsic semiconductor 64. A particle moves along a straight line such that its position x at any time t is x = 6t2 – t3. Where x is in metre and t is in second, then 1) at t = 0 acceleration is 12 ms-2 2) x – t curve has maximum at 4 s 3) Both (1) and (2) are wrong 4) Both (1) and (2) are correct 65. A particle is subjected simultaneously to two SHM's, one along the x-axis and the other along the y-axis.The two vibrations are in phase and have unequal amplitudes. The particle will execute 1) straight line motion 2) circular motion 3) elliptic motion 4) parabolic motion 66. X-rays are diffracted from a crystal of lattice plane spacing 2A. The maximum wavelength that can be diffracted is 13/39 eng. edooni. com 1) 1 A 2) 2 A 3) 2. 5 A 4) 4 A 67. If ? and ? are the collector emitter short circuit current amplification factor and collector base short circuit current amplification factor respectively of a transistor, then ? is equal to 1) (1 + ? )/? 2) ? /(1 – ? ) 3) (1 – ? )/? 4) ? (1 + ? ) 68. The resistance of a straight conductor does not depend on its 1) length 2) temperature 3) material 4) shape of cross-section 69. In a given network, each resistance has value of 6?. The point X is connected to point A by a copper wire of negligible resistance and point Y is connected to point B by the same wire. The effective resistance between X and Y will be 1) 18 ? 2) 6 ? 3) 3 ? 4) 2 ? 70. A length of wire carries a steady current. It is bent first to form a circular coil of one turn. The same length is now bent more sharply to give a double loop of smaller radius.The magnetic field at the centre caused by the same current is 1) double of its first value 2) quarter of its first value 3) four times of its first value 4) same as the first value 71. The work done in carrying a charge q once around a circle of radius r with a charge Q placed at the centre will be 1) Qq/(4? ? 0r2) 2) Qq/(4? ? 0r) 3) zero 14/39 eng. edooni. com 4) Qq2/(4? ? 0r) 72. Two wires of same material and radius have their lengths in ratio 1 : 2. If these wires are stretched by the same force, the strain produced in the two wires will be in the rati o 1) 2 : 1 2) 1 : 1 3) 1 : 2 4) 1 : 4 73.A student has measured the length of a wire equal to 0. 04580 m. This value of length has the number of significant figures equal to 1) five 2) four 3) six 4) None of these 74. The volume of an ideal diatomic gas is doubled isothermally. The internal energy 1) is doubled 2) is halved 3) is increases four times 4) is remains unchanged 75. A small power station supplies electricity to 5000 lamps connected in parallel. Each lamp has a resistance of 220 and is operated at 220 V. The total current supplied by the ? station is 1) 2500 A 2) 3500 A 3) 5000 A 4) 10000 A Section-2 Chemistry 76.Which of the following sets of quantum numbers is correct ? 1) n = 5, l = 4, m = 0, s = +(1/2) 2) n = 3, l = 3, m = +3, s = +(1/2) 3) n = 6, l = 0, m = +1, s = -(1/2) 4) n = 4, l = 2, m = +2, s = 0 77. Which of the following is not a colligative property ? 1) Optical activity 2) Osmotic pressure 3) Depression of freezing point 15/39 eng. edooni. com 4) Elevation of boiling point 78. Which of the following when dissolved in water forms a solution, ie, non-conducting ? 1) Chile salt petre 2) Potash alum 3) Green vitriol 4) Ethyl alcohol 79.The best way to prevent rusting of iron is 1) making it cathode 2) putting in saline water 3) Both (1) and (2) 4) None of the above 80. In NaCl crystal each Cl- ion is surrounded by 1) 4 Na+ ions 2) 6 Na+ ions 3) 1 Na+ ion 4) 2 Na+ ions 81. Stainless steel has iron and 1) Cr 2) Cu 3) Co 4) Zn 82. Naphthalene can be easily purified by 1) sublimation 2) crystallisation 3) distillation 4) vaporisation 83. When acetylene is passed through dil H2SO4 in presence of HgSO4, the compound formed is 1) ether 2) acetaldehyde 3) acetic acid 4) ketone 84.Cross aldol condensation occurs between 1) two same aldehydes 2) two same ketones 3) two different aldehydes and ketones 4) None of the above 16/39 eng. edooni. com 85. Which is more powerful to coagulate the negative colloid ? 1) ZnSO4 2) Na3PO4 3) AlCl3 4) K4[Fe(CN)6] 86. Cannizaro reaction is performed by 1) formaldehyde 2) formaldehyde and acetaldehyde 3) benzaldehyde 4) formaldehyde and benzaldehyde 87. The monosaccharides having anomeric carbon atom are 1) geometrical isomers 2) ? -and ? -optical isomers 3) having symmetrical carbon atoms 4) None of the above 88. Diacidic base is 1) CH2(OH)2 2) Ca(OH)2 3) CH3CH(OH)2 4) All of these 89.Which of the following behaves as Lewis acid and not as Bronsted acid ? 1) HCl 2) H2SO4 3) HSO-3 4) SO3 90. Thermite process is used in reduction of 1) Cr2O3 2) Al2O3 3) PbO2 4) CuO 91. Example of geometrical isomerism is 1) 2-butanol 2) 2-butene 17/39 eng. edooni. com 3) butanal 4) 2-butyne 92. Mustard gas is a 1) oil gas 2) poisonous gas 3) fuel gas 4) life gas 93. The pair of elements having approximately equal ionisation potential is 1) Al, Ga 2) Al, Si 3) Al, Mg 4) Al, B 94. Bakelite is a 1) natural polymer 2) addition polymer 3) condensation polymer 4) homopolymer 95.Name of method use to separate primary, secondary and tertiary amines is 1) Hofmann method 2) Lucas method 3) Victor Meyer method 4) Kolbe method 96. Main product obtained from the reaction of ammonia and formaldehyde is 1) formic acid 2) methylamine 3) methanol 4) urotropine 97. TEL is a compound used as 1) antibiotic 2) antiseptic 3) antiknocking 4) antioxidant 98. Water is well known amphoprotic solvent. In which chemical reaction water is behaving as base ? 18/39 eng. edooni. com 1) 2) 3) 4) 99. Which of the following is not a physical equilibrium ? ) Ice 2) I2(s) 3) S(l) 4) 3O2 Water I2(g) S(g) 2O3 100. The polymer which is used in not-sticky kitchenware is 1) PVC 2) teflon 3) rayon 4) isoprene 101. The chemical which is used for plastering the broken bones is 1) (CaSO4)2H2O 2) MgSO4 . 7H2O 3) FeSO4 . 7H2O 4) CuSO4 . 5H2O 102. Dry ice is 1) solid H2O 2) solid CO2 3) solid N2O4 4) solid NH3 103. Precipitate of AgCl is soluble in liquid NH3, the compound forms 1) Ag(NH4)2OH 2) Ag(NH4)2Cl 3) Ag(NH3)2OH 4) Ag(NH3)2Cl 10 4. In qualitative analysis, in III group NH4Cl is added before NH4OH because 1) to increase the concentration of NH+4 ions 9/39 eng. edooni. com 2) to increase the concentration of Cl- ions 3) to reduce the concentration of OH- ions 4) to increase the concentration of OH- ions 105. Solution of sodium thiosulphate in photography works as 1) to shine film 2) to develop film 3) to dissolve silver bromide 4) to change negative into positive 106. Phenol on treatment with diethyl sulphate in presence of NaOH gives 1) phenetole 2) anisole 3) diphenyl ether 4) diethyl ether 107. 2. 5 L of NaCl solution contain 5 moles of the solute. What is the molarity ? 1) 5 M 2) 2 M 3) 2. 5 M 4) 12. 5 M 108.The most abundant element in the universe is thought to be 1) carbon 2) oxygen 3) hydrogen 4) nitrogen 109. Electromeric effect is 1) permanent effect 2) temporary effect 3) resonance effect 4) inductive effect 110. The calculated bond order in O-2 ion is 1) 1 2) 1. 5 3) 2 4) 2. 5 111. The entropy of a perfectly crystalline material is zero at 0? C. This is statement of 1) first law of thermodynamics 2) second law of thermodynamics 3) third law of thermodynamics 20/39 eng. edooni. com 4) law of conservation of energy 112. In acidic medium, the equivalent weight of K2Cr2O7 (Mol. wt. = M) is 1) M 2) M/2 3) M/3 4) M/6 113.When a metal atom combines with a non-metal atom, the non-metal atom will 1) lose electrons and decrease in size 2) lose electrons and increase in size 3) gain electrons and decrease in size 4) gain electrons and increase in size 114. What is the total number of moles of H2SO4 needed to prepare 5. 0 L of a 2. 0 M solution of H2SO4 ? 1) 2. 5 2) 5. 0 3) 10 4) 20 115. Which combination of atoms can form a polar covalent bond ? 1) H and H 2) H and Br 3) N and N 4) Na and Br 116. How many joules of heat are absorbed when 70. 0 g of water is completely vaporised at its boiling point ? 1) 23,352 2) 7,000 3) 15,813 4) 158,130 117.Which quantities are conserved in all oxid ation reduction reactions ? 1) Charge only 2) Mass only 3) Both charge and mass 4) Neither charge nor mass 118. Which of the following compounds would have the highest boiling point ? 1) CH3CH2CH2CH3 2) CH3NH2 3) CH3OH 4) CH2F 2 119. In any chemical reaction, a quantity that decrease to a minimum is 21/39 eng. edooni. com 1) free energy 2) entropy 3) temperature 4) enthalpy 120. Which of the following is the weakest acid ? 1) HCl 2) HF 3) H2SO4 4) HNO3 121. Which of the following contains greatest number of oxygen atoms ? 1) 1 g of O 2) 1 g of O2 3) 1 g of O3 4) All have the same number of atoms 122.The pH of 10-8 M NaOH aqueous solution at 25? C, is 1) 7. 02 2) 7. 0 3) 6. 89 4) 6. 0 123. Decrease in atomic number is not observed during 1) ? -emission 2) ?-emission 3) positron emission 4) electron capture 124. The buffering action of an acidic buffer is maximum when its pH is equal to 1) 5 2) 7 3) 1 4) pKa 125. Which of the following will increase with the increase in temperature ? 1) surface tension 2) Viscosity 3) Molality 4) Vapour pressure 126. Which of the following will have larger dipole moment ? 22/39 eng. edooni. com 1) 2) 3) 4) 127. Which of the following would react most readily with nucleophiles ? ) 2) 3) 4) 23/39 eng. edooni. com 128. Hydride ion transfer takes place in 1) Frankland method 2) Wurtz reaction 3) Cannizaro's reaction 4) Wolff-Kishner reduction 129. An organic compound C3H6O neither gives precipitate with semicarbazide nor reacts with sodium. It could be 1) CH3CH2CHO 2) CH3COCH3 3) CH2 = CHCH2OH 4) CH2 = CHOCH3 130. Which of the following is an organometallic compound ? 1) Lithium methoxide 2) Lithium acetate 3) Lithium dimethylamine 4) Methyl lithium 131. The quality of diesel is expressed by 1) octane number 2) cetane number 3) antiknock compound 4) presence of additives 132.Ketone upon treatment with Grignard reagent gives 1) primary alcohol 2) secondary alcohol 3) tertiary alcohol 4) aldehyde 133. Racemic compound has 1) equimolar mixture of enantiomers 2) 1 : 1 mixture of enantiomer and diastereomer 3) 1 : 1 mixture of diastereomers 4) 1 : 2 mixture of enantiomers 134. Geometry of methyl free radical is 1) pyramidal 2) planar 24/39 eng. edooni. com 3) tetrahedral 4) linear 135. The reaction of sodium ethoxide with iodoethane to form diethyl ether is termed as 1) electrophilic substitution 2) nucleophilic substitution 3) electrophilic addition 4) radical substitution 136.In which of the following ways does the hydride ion tend to function ? 1) An electrophile 2) A nucleophile 3) A free radical 4) An acid 137. The following compound differ in 1) configuration 2) conformation 3) structure 4) chirality 138. The correct name for the following hydrocarbon is 1) tricyclo [4. 1. 0] heptane 2) bicyclo [5. 2. 1] heptane 3) bicyclo [4. 1. 0] heptane 4) bicyclo [4. 1. 0] hexane 139. Which of the following compounds would be the main product of an aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and acetone ? 1) CH3CH = CH . CHO 2) C H3CH = CHCOCH3 3) (CH3)2C = CH . CHO 4) (CH3)2C = CHCOCH3 140.Which one of the following compounds will not react with CH3MgBr ? 25/39 eng. edooni. com 1) Ethyl acetate 2) Acetone 3) Dimethyl ether 4) Ethanol 141. The number of isomeric alkanes having the molecular formula C5H12 is 1) three 2) five 3) nine 4) thirty two 142. Which organic compound is an electrolyte ? 1) CH3Cl 2) HCOOH 3) CH3OH 4) C6H12O6 143. The electron configuration of the oxide ion is much most similar to the electron configuration of the 1) sulphide ion 2) nitride ion 3) oxygen atom 4) nitrogen atom 144. Which substance has the greatest ionic character ? 1) Cl2O 2) NCl3 3) PbCl2 4) BaCl2 145.The lattice points of a crystal of hydrogen iodide are occupied by 1) HI molecules 2) H atoms and I atoms 3) H+ cations and I- anions 4) H2 molecules and I2 molecules 146. Dehydration of alcohol usually goes by 1) E1 mechanism 2) E2 mechanism 3) E1 cb mechanism 26/39 eng. edooni. com 4) SN 2 mechanism 147. Which one of the following is a copolymer ? 1) Saran 2) Orlon 3) PVC 4) Teflon 148. Formation of coloured ions by transition metals signifies; 1) absorption of light from UV range 2) emission of light 3) presence of unpaired electrons in s and p orbitals 4) complimentary colours to the absorbed light 149.Transition metal ions show colour because 1) they absorb light 2) they emit light 3) they are paramagnetic 4) they exhibit d-d transition 150. Which one of the following compounds will not undergo aldol condensation ? 1) Acetaldehyde 2) Formaldehyde 3) Propionaldehyde 4) Acetone Section-3 Mathematics 151. The length of the normal to the curve x = a(? + sin ? ), y = a(1 – cos ? ) at ? = (? /2) is 1) 2 a 2) a/2 3) a/v2 4) v2 a 152. The maximum value of ((log x)/x) is 1) e 153. In the interval 2) 2 e , = 0 is the number 3) 1/e of real solutions 4) 2/e of the equations 27/39 eng. edooni. com 1) 0 154. If 1) 1 2) -1 3) 0 4) None of these 2) 2 ) 1 4) 3 is continuous at x = 0, then the value of k wi ll be 155. The sum of all odd numbers between 1 and 1000 which are divisible by 3 is 1) 83667 2) 90000 3) 83660 4) None of these 156. In a college 25% boys and 10% girls offer Mathematics. There are 60% girls in the college. If a Mathematics student is chosen at random, then the probability that the student is a girl, will be 1) 1/6 2) 3/8 3) 5/8 4) 5/6 157. Differential equation of those circles which passes through origin and their centres lie on y-axis will be 1) (x2 – y2) (dy/dx) + 2xy = 0 2) (x2 – y2) (dy/dx) = 2xy 3) (x2 – y2) (dy/dx) = xy 4) (x2 – y2) (dy/dx) + xy = 0 158.If tan ? = k cot ? , then 1) (1 + k)/(1 – k) 2) (1 – k)/(1 + k) 3) (k + 1)/(k – 1) 4) (k – 1)/(k + 1) is equal to 159. If cot (cos-1 x) = sec 1) 2) , then x is equal to 28/39 eng. edooni. com 3) 4) 160. If distance between directrices of a rectangular hyperbola is 10, then distance between its foci will be 1) 10v2 161. 2) 5 3) 5v2 4) 20 Number of soluti on of the equation is 1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 162. dx is equal to 1) 3? /16 2) 3? 2/16 3) 16? /3 4) 16? 2/3 163. 1) 2) dx is equal to 3) 4) 164. If f (x) = sin2 x + sin2 to 1) 1 2) -1 + cos x cos and g 1, then gof (x) is equal 3) 2 4) -2 + is collinear to 165. , , are three non-zero vectors; no two of them are parallel. If and + is collinear to , then + + is equal to 1) 2) 29/39 eng. edooni. com 3) 4) 166. In tossing of a coin (m + n) (m > n) times, the probability of coming consecutive heads at least m times is 1) 2) 3) 4) 167. If f (x) = 1) 1 , then 2) 48 3) -48 is equal to 4) -1 – | = 2v2 and the 168. Let = 2i + j – 2 and = i + j. If is a vector such that . = | |, | angle between ? and is 30? , then |( ? ) ? | is equal to 1) 2/3 2) 3/2 3) 2 4) 3 169.The value of 1) 1 sq unit 2) 2 sq unit 3) 3 sq unit 4) 5 sq unit dx is 170. The differential equation of all circles touching the axis of y at origin and centre on the xaxis is given by 1) xy (dy/dx) – x2 + y2 = 0 2) 2xy (dy/dx) – x2 – y2 = 0 3) (x2 + y2) (dy/dx) – 2xy = 0 4) None of the above 171. The solution of the differential equation 1) ye2vx = 2v(x) + c 2) ye-2vx = v(x) + c is given by 30/39 eng. edooni. com 3) y = vx 4) y = 3vx 172. The solution of the equation 1) sin-1 y – sin-1 x = c 2) sin-1 y + sin-1 x = c 3) sin-1 (xy) = 2 4) None of the above 173.If 1) p < 0 2) 0 < p < 1 3) p = 1 4) p > 1 174. If a real valued function f of a real variable x is such that is differentiable at x = 0, then is , then f(x) is equal to 1) (1 – x)/2 2) (x2 + 1)/2 3) 1 – x 4) None of these 175. If the vectors i – 2j + 3 , -2i + 3j – 4 , ? i – j + 2 are linearly dependent, then the value of ? is equal to 1) 0 176. If 2) 1 3) 2 i] i + 2[ 4) 3 j] j + 2[ ] +[ and are two non-zero non-collinear vectors, then 2[ ] is equal to ? + 1) 2( ? ) 2) 3) 4) None of these 177. If ( ? )2 + ( 1) 13 . )2 = 676 and | | = 2, then | | is equal to 1/39 eng. edooni. c om 2) 26 3) 39 4) None of these 178. If a, b, c are in GP, then the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0 and dx2 + 2ex + f = 0 have a common root, if d/a, e/b, f/c are in 1) AP 2) HP 3) GP 4) None of these 179. If x = v7 – v5 and y = v13 – v11, then 1) x > y 2) x < y 3) x = y 4) None of these 180. If one root of equation x2 + ax + 12 = 0 is 4 while the equation x2 + ax + b = 0 has equal roots, then the value of b is 1) 4/49 2) 49/4 3) 7/4 4) 4/7 181. One of the square roots of 6 + 4v3 is 1) v3(v(3) + 1) 2) -v3(v(3) – 1) 3) v3(-v(3) + 1) 4) None of these 182.If cos 20? – sin 20? = p, then cos 40? is equal to 1) p2v(2 – p2) 2) pv(2 – p2) 3) p + v(2 – p2) 4) p – v(2 – p2) 183. If tan x = (b/a), then the value of a cos 2x + b sin 2x is 1) 1 2) ab 3) b 4) a 184. If Sn = cosn ? + sinn ? , then the value of 3S4 – 2S6 is given by 1) 4 2) 0 3) 1 4) 7 32/39 eng. edooni. com 185. The distance between the parallel lines 9Ãâ€"2  œ 6xy + y2 + 18x – 6y + 8 = 0 is 1) 2/v10 2) 1/v10 3) 4/v10 4) None of these 186. The lines 2x – 3y = 5 and 3x – 4y = 7 are diameters of a circle of area 154 sq unit.Then, the equation of the circle is 1) x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y = 51 2) x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y = 49 3) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y = 47 4) x2 + y2 – 2x + 2y = 47 187. The dice are thrown n times in succession. The probability of obtaining a double six at least once is 1) (1/36)n 2) 1 – (35/36)n 3) (1/12)n 4) None of these 188. A and B toss a coin alternately on the understanding that the first to obtain heads wins the toss. The probability that A wins the toss 1) 1/3 2) 2/3 3) 1/4 4) 3/4 189. In an assemble of 4 persons the probability that at least 2 of them have the same birthday, is 1) 0. 293 2) 0. 4 3) 0. 0001 4) 0. 016 190. A particle is thrown with the velocity v with the angle ? from the horizontal plane and its range on the horizontal plane is twice to the maximum height gained. Then, tan ? is equal to 1) 9 191. If 1) -1 = 0 and x, y, z are all distinct, then xyz is equal to 2) 1 3) 0 4) 3 2) 5 3) 2 4) 1 33/39 eng. edooni. com 1) -1 192. If 1) 100 A 2) 299 A 3) 2100 A 4) 99 A 2) 1 , then A100 is equal to 3) 0 4) 3 193. If sum of n terms of two AP's are in the ration 2n + 3 : 6n + 5, then the ration of their 13th term is 1) 29/83 2) 27/77 3) 31/89 4) 53/155 194.Let a relation R be defined on set of all real numbers by a R b if and only if 1 + ab ; 0. Then, R is 1) reflexive, transitive but not symmetric 2) reflexive, symmetric but not transitive 3) symmetric, transitive but not reflexive 4) an equivalence relation 195. If 1) (1, 2, 3) 2) (2, 1, 3) 3) (3, 1, 2) 4) (3, 2, 1) , then (x, y, z) is equal to 196. If positive numbers a, b, c are in HP and c ; a, then log (a + c) + log (a – 2b + c) is equal to 1) 2 log (c – b) 2) 2 log (a + c) 3) 2 log (c – a) 4) 2 log (a – c) 197. The dice are thrown together.Then the probability that th e sum of numbers appearing on them is a prime number, is 1) 5/12 2) 7/18 3) 13/36 4) 11/36 34/39 eng. edooni. com 198. In a triangle ABC, AB = 1, AC = 2 and 1) 75? 2) 90? 3) 120? 4) 135? A = 60? , its largest angle is equal to 199. From the top of a cliff 50 m high, the angles of depression of the top and bottom of a tower are observed to be 30? and 45?. The height of tower is 1) 50 m 2) 50v3 m 3) 50(v(3) – 1) m 4) 50(1 – (v(3)/3)) m 200. The points 0, 2 + 3i, i, -2 – 2i in the argand plane are the vertices of a 1) rectangle 2) rhombus 3) trapezium 4) parallelogram 201.One of the values of 1) v3 + i 2) -i 3) i 4) -v3 + i is 202. The value of tan-1 (1/2) + tan-1 (1/3) + tan-1 (7/8) is 1) tan-1 (7/8) 2) cot-1 15 3) tan-1 15 4) tan-1 (25/24) 203. The locus of points of intersection perpendicular tangents to a parabola is a 1) straight line 2) circle 3) parabola 4) hyperbola 204. The middle point of the chord x + 3y = 2 of the conic x2 + xy – y2 = 1 is 35/39 eng. edooni. com 1) (5, -1) 2) (1, 1) 3) (2, 0) 4) (-1, 1) 205. If tangents at extremities of a focal chord AB of the parabola y2 = 4ax intersect at a point C, then ACB is equal to 1) ? /4 2) ? /3 3) ? 2 4) ? /6 206. The smallest circle with centre on y-axis and passing through the point (7, 3) has radius 1) v58 2) 7 3) 3 4) 4 207. The pair of lines joining origin to the points of intersection of the two curves ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx = 0 and a' x2 + 2h' xy + b' y2 + 2g' x = 0 will be at right angles, if 1) (a' + b')g' = (a + b)g 2) (a + b)g' = (a' + b')g 3) h2 – ab = h'2 – a'b' 4) a + b + h2 = a' + b' + h'2 208. If sum of two numbers is 6, the minimum value of the sum of their reciprocals is 1) 6/5 209. 2) 3/4 3) 2/3 4) 1/2 If b ; a, then 1) ? /2 2) ? 3) ? /2 (b – a) 4) ? /4 (b – a) s equal to 210. The solution of differential equation (1 + x)y dx + (1 – y)x dy = 0 is 1) loge (xy) + x – y = c 2) loge (x/y) + x + y = c 3) loge (x/y) – x + y = c 4) loge (xy) – x + y = c 211. The value of 1) e-1 2) e-1/2 (cos x)cot2 x is 36/39 eng. edooni. com 3) 1 4) not existing 212. The normal to the curve x = a(cos + ? sin ? ), y = a(sin ? – ? cos ? ) at any point ? is ? such that 1) it makes a constant angle with x-axis 2) it passes through origin 3) it is at a constant distance from origin 4) None of the above 213. If sin y = x sin (a + y), then (dy/dx) is equal to 1) 2) 3) 4) 14. dx is equal to 1) 2) 3) 4) 215. The function f (x) = log (1 + x) 1) (-1, ? ) 2) (-? , 0) 3) (-? , ? ) 4) None of these is increasing on 216. If is any vector, then i ? ( ? i) + j ? ( ? j) + ? ( ? ) is equal to 37/39 eng. edooni. com 1) 2) 2 3) 3 4) 217. The product of two times of flight from a point P to another point Q with a given velocity of projection is 1) PQ/g 2) 2PQ/g 3) PQ/2g 4) 3PQ/g 218. A stone of mass m is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 9. 8 ms-1. The height of the point where KE = PE is (g = 9. 8 ms-2) 1) 9. 8 m 2) 4. 9 m 3) 2. 5 m 4) 2 m 219. Three sides of a square are formed by bending a rod of length 36 cm. The distance of its CG from an open end is 1) 12 cm 2) 6v2 cm 3) 8v2 cm 4) 10 cm 220. If the resultant of two forces of magnitude P and Pv3 acting on a particle is of magnitude P, then the angle between them is 1) 60? 2) 120? 3) 90? 4) 150? 221. A particle is dropped from a height 12 g metre and 4 s after another particle is projected from the ground towards it with a velocity 4 g ms-1. The time after which the second particle meets first is 1) 4 s 2) 2 s 3) (1/2) s 4) 1 s 222.A uniform ladder rests in limiting equilibrium with its lower end on a rough horizontal plane with coefficient of friction? and its upper end against a smooth vertical wall. ? is the If 38/39 eng. edooni. com inclination of the ladder with the wall, then ? is equal to 1) tan-1 ? 2) cot-1 ? 3) cot-1 (2? ) 4) tan-1 (2? ) 223. If 1) 3/2 is a purely imaginary number, then 2) 1 3) 2/3 is equal to 4) 4/9 224. An orthogonal matrix is 1) 2) 3) 4) 225. If y = 3x + 6Ãâ€"2 + 10Ãâ€"3 + †¦. , then the value of x in terms of y is 1) 1 – (1 – y)-1/3 2) 1 – (1 + y)1/3 3) 1 + (1 + y)-1/3 4) 1 – (1 + y)-1/3 39/39 eng. edooni. comAnswer Key 1) 2 11) 3 21) 1 31) 2 41) 3 51) 1 61) 4 71) 3 81) 1 91) 2 101) 1 111) 3 121) 4 131) 2 141) 1 151) 4 161) 2 171) 2 181) 4 191) 1 201) 3 211) 2 221) 3 2) 4 12) 1 22) 1 32) 4 42) 1 52) 2 62) 1 72) 3 82) 1 92) 2 102) 2 112) 4 122) 1 132) 3 142) 2 152) 3 162) 2 172) 1 182) 2 192) 2 202) 3 212) 3 222) 4 3) 3 13) 4 23) 2 33) 3 43) 3 53) 1 63) 2 73) 1 83) 2 93) 1 103) 4 113) 4 123) 2 133) 1 143) 2 153) 3 163) 2 173) 4 183) 4 193) 4 203) 1 213) 2 223) 2 4) 1 14) 1 24) 2 34) 2 44) 2 54) 3 64) 4 74) 4 84) 3 94) 3 104) 3 114) 3 124) 4 134) 2 144) 4 154) 3 164) 1 174) 1 184) 3 194) 2 204) 4 214) 3 224) 2 5) 3 15) 2 25) 3 35) 4 45) 3 55) 1 65) 1 75) 3 85) 3 95) 1 105) 3 115) 2 125) 4 135) 2 145) 1 155) 1 165) 4 175) 1 185) 1 195) 1 205) 3 215) 1 225) 4 6) 2 16) 4 26) 1 36) 3 46) 2 56) 1 66) 4 76) 1 86) 4 96) 4 106) 1 116) 4 126) 4 136) 2 146) 1 156) 2 166) 1 176) 1 186) 4 196) 3 206) 2 216) 2 7) 2 17) 1 27) 4 37) 1 47) 2 57) 3 67) 4 77) 1 87) 2 97) 3 107) 2 117) 3 127) 3 137) 3 147) 1 157) 2 167) 2 177) 1 187) 2 197) 1 207) 2 217) 2 8) 3 18) 2 28) 4 38) 1 48) 3 58) 2 68) 4 78) 4 88) 2 98) 1 108) 3 118) 3 128) 3 138) 3 148) 4 158) 1 168) 2 178) 1 188) 2 198) 2 208) 3 218) 3 9) 1 19) 4 29) 3 39) 3 49) 1 59) 3 69) 4 79) 1 89) 4 99) 4 109) 2 119) 1 129) 4 139) 2 149) 4 159) 1 169) 3 179) 1 189) 4 199) 4 209) 2 219) 3 10) 2 20) 2 30) 1 40) 1 50) 4 60) 1 70) 1 80) 2 90) 1 100) 2 110) 2 120) 2 130) 4 140) 3 150) 2 160) 4 170) 4 180) 2 190) 3 200) 4 210) 1 220) 4 1/1 eng. edooni. com

Aldi supermarket company and industry assessment Essay

Aldi supermarket company and industry assessment - Essay Example This paper describes the current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing Aldi as part of a comprehensive SWOT analysis and also provides the various strategic options available to the supermarket chain in order to boost profitability and reputation. Sound Marketing Strategy. Since the Aldi low-cost model was established and company began operations, the business has remained focused on changing its image from simply a discount supermarket chain to that of a progressive, well-positioned company. The business has transformed its image from a no-frills business to a specialty brand company which removes consumer emphasis from the term discount to that of one focused on quality products. This has had appeal to mass markets and raised their sales 25 percent in early 2009 by being able to cater to a larger volume of potential demographics, even including the upscale consumer. Privatisation. Aldi is not a publicly traded company, which does not give the business the types of pressures felt by other publicly-traded supermarkets in terms of investor pressures for rapid expansion or other activities which benefit the shareholder. By holding higher levels of control over internal activities, Aldi has been able to emerge a leader in low-cost grocery shopping needs. Knowledge of consumer audiences. Aldi, unlike other discount grocery stores, appears to understand the lifestyle and behavioural needs of its customer base by creating marketing strategies which fit consumer psychology profiles. For instance, Aldi Supermarkets realises that in order to lure more image-conscious consumers to its facility, it would have to eliminate the strong focus on no-frills and reposition the firm based on quality products and selection. This eliminates the social fear of shopping at what might be considered a budget organisation and instead gives the impression of select branded products designed for active

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 162

Summary - Essay Example The author contends that historically, America’s supposed invasion and liberation of countries such as Philippines and Iraq often culminates to unsatisfactory outcomes. America’s attempts at creating overseas empires through the use of force have always been catastrophic as witnessed by the Spanish-American war. These attempts have always resulted in the creation of anti-American backlash that threatens the country’s security. The Bush administration scorned international institutions and the idea of a community of power, an approach taken by former President Wilson Woodrow. The administration’s invasion of Iraq bore resemblance to previous invasion attempts of Philippines in 1900, Mexico 1913, and South Vietnam in 1961. Bush’s Administration disregard for the country’s historical experiences in the aforementioned countries resulted to generate anti-America backlash and awaken a rather dormant Iraqi nationalism. The administration’s â €˜war on terror’ saw the country engage itself in a bloody occupation of Iraq. It also served to fuel the stereotypical view of America as the perceived ‘savior’ of the world. This served to enable new recruits along enemy lines. The September 11 2001 attack carried by Al-Qaeda on the US was carried out by 19 persons of non-US nationality via four hijacked US commercial passenger jets in Newark, Boston, and Washington (Murphy 239). The hijacked aircrafts were crashed into the World trade Center in New York, the Pennsylvania countryside, and the Pentagon in Northern Virginia. The nineteen hijackers had worked as a single, integrated group for a period of eighteen months. The six leaders of the group were well educated and trained as pilot having entered the US earlier than the rest of the group. The others were younger and less educated and served to control passengers on the plane. The group was authorized and funded by Osama bin Laden, a Saudi Expatriate based in Afghanistan working through his

Impacts from hosting the Olympic Games on local businesses Literature review

Impacts from hosting the Olympic Games on local businesses - Literature review Example In most cases, the participants are professionals who are appropriately trained and the organizers of Olympic Games are well compensated for their efforts. In preparation for Olympic Games, host countries normally get involved in massive renovation projects that become beneficial to them for many years. It is essential to state that Olympic Games have both positive and negative impacts on the host country and most of these impacts associated with the Games are either social, or economic among others (Theodoros, 2007, p. 12). In most cases, when a country is hosting Olympic Games, there are high expectations by the local businesspersons that they will receive more business due to the coming of spectators to view the events but in some instances, such expectations are not met. For instance, during the recent London Olympic Games, local small business individuals expected an Olympic pump in their business but this was not the case. They claimed that this was just unusual because vendors attended the 2012 Olympics expecting to have fabulous volumes of sales in August, but it was not so. During the opening day of the Olympic Games, local traders registered a 10% decrease and throughout, there had been a 12% weekly and 16% rises in the footfall, in London West End businesses (Dreyer, 2011, p. 11). Most people state that trade has not been as good as some individuals may think and this is because the city appears to have been deserted by a majority during the day. In addition, small business owners felt that there were few tourists in the city willing to spend their money. According to Ed Francis who operates a Hampshire Hog in the western part of London, there has been a slight drop in daytime businesses since the commencement of London 2012 Olympics. The drop in trade has also been associated with the increasing number of local people who choose not to attend the Olympics and decide to take holidays out of the country. This means that local tourists who at times tak e rooms decrease in number (Leggat, 2003, p. 201 - 203). In most cases before the Olympic Games commence, local residents feel that demand for roads and the entire public transport network will be high. As a result, a well-coordinated multi agency is set up to manage such and ensure that people get to their places of work in time. In most instances, Olympic Games led to increase in the need for transport and as a result, it is always necessary to plan to ensure that the local individuals’ daily operations are not affected (Adam, 2005, p. 67). For instance, in London, the local parking and traffic management plans were set up to ensure that spectators were not allowed to park their vehicles near the venues. These steps were aimed at ensuring public safety, promoting efficient operations in the venues, and creating emergency routes. The freight industry was also very busy during the games and despite the fact that most roads were busy during the Olympics, freights always found their way through the challenging operating environment (Weed, 2012, 75-80). Mostly, the town councils are assigned the task of operating lorry schemes to ensure easy and fast delivery. They have always preferred night delivery to avoid late delivery and unnecessary traffic during the day. It is worth noting that games play a significant role in ensuring improvement of the local roads. For instance, in London, there was an improvement at Stratford and the Kings Cross. Furthermore,

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Revenue management - Assignment Example Therefore, by 2020, it is projected that there will be a shift in landscape in RM. To ensure the success of RM strategies, the revenue managers in the hospitality industry need to be convinced of the ability to deliver return on investment and made aware of the resources needed to maximize potential. The hotels should also make sure that their organizational structure supports the RM policy. Besides, there needs to be a cultural understanding which major department like sales, marketing, and revenue work together to share information crucial to revenue management success. Furthermore, it is forecasted that the application of RM will become more strategic and will be supported by the increasingly sophisticated technology. This is because it includes more of income streams of the hotel. In this regard, by 2020, revenue management is likely to be applied to function-space and also incorporate revenue streams including restaurants and spas, as well as golf courses. Consequently, the RM function will become more central to operations of the hotel, and will quite to be expected be a separate department under supervision of the general manager. The core, strategic role of revenue management will need upgraded measurement techniques (Hayes and Miller 55-68). This implies that other than revenue per available room (RevPAR), the future RM might have a profit-oriented metric, for instance, total revenue per available room or the gross operating profit per available room (GOPPAR). As for the future revenue managers, they will require analytical, leadership, and communication skills. A formal RM education as well as negotiation skills would also be helpful. According to (Nessler 86), the managers would also use tools or internal compression which will aid them establish the unconstrained demand and close out close non-profitable channels. Since RM will move from tactical to a more strategic role, analytics along with supporting technology will play a crucial role in

Acquisition of Skype Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Acquisition of Skype - Essay Example In case of a merger, firms come together for combining and sharing their resources with the purpose of attaining the common objectives. On the other side, in an acquisition one corporation purchases the shares or assets of another corporation. Shareholders of the acquired firm lose their ownership (Sudarsanam, 2003). They have been taking place in the business world over the past century. It is one of the most effective strategies in the present intensely competitive business scenario. Details related to the source of finance, risk related to this acquisition and various tactics regarding defense are also provided in this paper. eBay is one of the most successful companies in the world of e-commerce. It has changed the definition of e-commerce business with its popular websites like eBay Marketplace, Kijiji, Paypal, Shopping.com, and Rent.com. Every day these websites bring millions of sellers and buyers together. The company was founded in 1995. It is a company that is inspired by opportunity and sustained by the trust (eBay, 2005). Skype, on the other hand, is renowned as a leading name in the arena of global internet communications. With its high end peer-to-peer innovative software, Skype allows people to make unlimited, superior quality, free voice calls. Its award-winning software can be used in different platforms like Windows, Linux, Pocket PC platforms and Mac OSX. It was launched in 2003 and within two years it was downloaded over 182 million times throughout the world. There are 27 languages in which Skype is available (eBay, 2005). Â  

Ethics in the Business of Personal Investing Essay

Ethics in the Business of Personal Investing - Essay Example This paper is a critical analysis of business ethics in personal investment. The portfolio of personal investment is a series safe investment that provides returns progressively to the clients. The collection answers several questions on investment capabilities of an individual. What are the aspirations and needs of the customer? What are the financial targets and objectives required to fulfill the expectations? Finally, what is the investment strategies required in the realization of the objectives? After the creation of the portfolio, the subsequent phase rivets to seeking out the financial opportunities that have the latent for higher proceeds (Wang & Steinberg, 2010). The investment opportunities also involve an evaluation of the amount of risk about the profits. Certain options such as bond issues, stocks in companies that have a proven record of accomplished stability are also exceptional for proceeds. The thirst for returns may cause an investor to accept higher risk; the possibility of fleshing out the venture portfolio with volatile investments is thus great. The collection will include options such as buying of shares in unproven businesses, investing in new technologies that have better prospects or the involvement of fast-paced trading commodities commonly in currency trading (Hoffman, 1996). A necessity for the participation in such volatile options the investor has to have the ability to pay in the event the business does no run as projected. The development of a personal investment strategy involves careful articulation of certain niceties. First, an individual ought to acquire financial advice from a proficient financial expert. This is significant in attaining equilibrium between the necessities of today and investment for the future. An investment in a diversity of industries in a portfolio reduces the impact of specific industry risk (Wang & Steinberg, 2010). However, being overly

Software Process Improvement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Software Process Improvement - Assignment Example This paper will look at the software that can be used in managing the process. Process management is important in that it will bring into optimizing the software that is already in place. It is important to know the times that the software needs to be optimized. To have this process rightly in place and working effectively, there should be an automated way in which can be undertaken. This paper will suggest the software that can be designed to help in assessing the various information systems and suggest process improvement of the software. Log management software One software that can be put in place is that of managing the various logs that are found in a given information system. Logs are the small transactions and details that usually take place in an information system. There is a need to undertake a management process where the logs are managed. This will help to know the requirements that should be improved in case there needs to be some improvement. Before a process is improv ed, there is a need to understand the internal workings of the software that should be improved. The log management software will manage, among other things, the frequency of use of some transactions in the software, the bugs that are common with the use of certain transactions. There is a need to record the logs and the requirements to improve and work on a solution to eradicate these errors. Another issue that should be looked into automatically is the processes that keep on clashing in the system. He internal working of the process in an information system should be looked into and improved on. These are the functions that the information system will work to improve. Error logging software Important software that should be developed to help with process improvement procedure with the various information systems is that of error logging software. This software will help to check for the errors that are normally frequent. It is also important to understand the errors that are commo n in particular processes and the ones that interact with other processes. This software will be used, together with the logging software, to analyze the cause of the errors that are commonly met while working on the various software in the system. This will help have detailed facts about the errors that are experienced which will help the process improvement developers to understand what they are to improve and the way in which this can be achieved. With the various errors being experienced in software, the improvement and eradication of these errors is normally built on detailed understanding of eh software that is causing the errors. It is important to have the right information about these errors (Haug, Olsen, Bergman, 2001). Process optimization software This software will be used in suggesting the best ways in which the software will be optimized. As the software is used every day, there will come a time where the processes will be optimized. What the software will do is monit or the interaction of the various modules and processes that are running in the software and generate a report about the software which interacts most often. It will also look at the tasks that will be undertaken and processed by more than one process. This information will be used by the developers while they are on the quest to improve on the working on the various processes (Oktaba, 2008). After the developers get this information, they will be in a position to have a way forward into working on the interaction of the software processes so that they can work effectively on the various tasks that require multiple processes. This will help in optimizing the software process. Instead of have autonomous software processes

Round Rock High School Essay Example for Free

Round Rock High School Essay A school that has history, this school was established in 1867 and went public in 1888. Looking at RRHS when you first pull up seems like a descent size school with a modest old look. When you drive around the school it is expanded out much like a junior college and has a college feeling. There are 11 buildings on this campus not including their football field, track, marching band pad, baseball field and the amount of parking for both students and staff. Parking is amazing at this school. Plenty of parking for staff and faculty in front of the main building as well as plenty in the back of the building. Student parking is separated from the staff and faculty parking and plenty of it to go around for the students. All parking lots are nicely paved, with proper markings for all cars to park in with no confusion. Neighborhood around the school is a safe environment, no 2nd or 3rd tier living conditions around this school. Sanitation around the school is well kept and no loitering of strangers around the school. Security precautions are pretty normal throughout the school, teachers keeping eyes on the hallways, local police car parked in staff parking lot. However there was no sign of any Police officers on campus. There are security cameras mounted on top of the buildings leading in and out of each building. Outside of new buildings on this campus are all surrounded by windows so it’s pretty easy to see who is coming and going. The vegetation around the school is very lush green and lots of it in every open area there is available. Inside the main campus there is even a patch of green grass in the middle for students to sit on and study if so desire. As for students most students dress pretty casually and up to style, not so much of the sagging pants or hiked up skirts. Pretty decently respectful clothing, however there are a few students that are a little rebellious here and there and wear shirts that show there midriff or holes through out there pants. Most students seem to be very respectful to one another when passing in the hall ways. There isn’t any loitering before school starts in front of the school. Interior of school is very nice and open in main building.  Admissions office is separate from Principle/Administration office. Not very user friendly to navigate around at first and as an observer you blend in with the students so most faculty or staff don’t even notice you, or offer to help. Assistant Principal extremely nice and warm welcoming to visitors, students, staff and faculty, not really up to date on what day the school is on â€Å"A† or â€Å"B† day. RRHS is one of many schools that works off of block scheduling so students are not crammed with so many classes in one day but have longer classes to obtain more information from. The main building is the oldest building on the campus and will probably be the next building to be torn down to be rebuilt for more classes and faculty. The other 10 buildings are pretty well kept and if not new to the school such as buildings 1100, 1000, 500, 700 and maybe another building or two. Windows in all buildings were extremely clean and made you have that nice warm fuzzy feeling of walking into a building that seems to be well taken care of. All hallways from observation seemed to be clutter free, minus the 100’s of students passing by. Decorations were inside protected cases built in the wall mostly for organization and observation appearance. Each building had 2 – 3 sets of bathrooms in them minus the ROTC building who had one set due to the building being strictly for ROTC. Bathroom quality of the male’s latrine was clean, graffiti free and ammonia smelling free. Overall great quality of the interior of the building very impressed with cleanliness. Spanish III AP Stacy Dam/Teacher and Bethany Taylor/Student Teacher was the first class to be observed and from walking in the class seemed well organize d and students seem to know the routine of the class. Upon arrival most students were already in their desks doing their morning exercise for the class. The students were seated in traditional classroom format†¦rows. By the time the tardy bell rang there were two stragglers that walked in from the hallways talking with their friends. These were the guys that were to cool for school, you know the type hats on backwards, sagging pants no books and pretty much unprepared for class. When students walked into class they picked up there hand outs before sitting down along with pens if needed. After about 15 minutes into class everyone stood up for Pledge of Allegiance and Honor Texas Flag. Honor Texas Flag is new since 9/11 and believe Texas is the only state that does this for its public education system. After the Pledge of Allegiance the students were given 30 minutes  to prepare for class to which most students had already done the work or some just wasted time. The teachers did nothing and just spoke to one another not paying any attention to the students. Pretty disappointing to observe, after 30 min. had passed by, the teacher spoke to the class in Spanish and English explaining what they were going to do next. She then wrote a sentence on the board and spent another 15 minutes explaining word by word, grammar and sentence structure. She was very monotone and showed no sense of interest in making the class environment exciting, the students seemed very bored in class. The fluent speakers in class continued on with their gossip as if the teacher didn’t even exist. After observing this class I found it to be a low control low warmth climate due to the lack of rules and discipline in the classroom as well as the lack of teacher involvement in class with the students. The teacher ignored most of what was going on and mostly focused on teaching what she was obligated to do for the day with no disregard to the students that wanted to lea rn. I found that there was a lack of classroom management for the same reasons as the climate. No assertion in rules, no discipline, no rewards, and not trying to get the class out of there cliques to work with others. What I learned from observing this class is to make sure there is always classroom involvement and to communicate with the students. I observed a second Spanish (class level 1) and was blown away from the differences. I did however walk into this class by mislead information from the Assistant Principal telling me this class room was a German class. This class was taught by a Mr. Castillo who had transferred there from Spain. The classroom was very well organized with additional books as extras to those who forgot there materials. Spanish alphabet on the wall, posters from Spanish speaking countries around the room, random vocabulary around the room to catch the student’s interest. Mr. Castillo was yet another monotone teacher, however he had an upbeat attitude at t he same time. He was a very patient teacher with the freshman and there remarks to everything that was taught to them. Most of the students were attentive to the teacher, there were however a few that I saw reading books that had nothing pertaining to their subject. Others were listening to Ipods and lastly there was a food cart that would come by and students would get up in the middle of his lecture to get food. The teacher continued on with his lecture as if  nothing happened and the students that left to buy food would miss out on what he had to say. During the question session of what he had just taught them, most students seem to answer his questions and were praised lightly regardless of their answer. He was very positive with them but had a lack of rules and boundaries for the students. I felt the students took advantage of this and used it to their advantage. When a student had given a wrong answer all students would call this student out and let them know there mistake. The teacher did nothing to stop the students and let the verbal bashing continue. While this continued he continued on with his questioning I believe to bypass the issue and stay on topic or to just ignore the issue still not sure yet. I found this class to be low control high warmth climate due to the praise he would give but lack of rules he would have. The classroom management was better than the previous Spanish class I had attended but could definitely be improved. What I found interesting about this class was no matter how many interruptions the teacher had he seemed to care about the students that were really trying in the class and found ways to continue the motivation. An example of this would be walking up to the student that was paying attention and giving them a smile or a quick pat on the back to show his appreciation. This showed me how much the students responded to these little interactions and learned that if I do this with all students maybe I could have the same outcome for all the students. In conclusion I found this school to be more concerned about appearances than the education that is given to the students. I did observe three other classes but unfortunately don’t have the space to write about them. However they did all pretty much fall in the same manners as the first two.

Special Education Essay Example for Free

Special Education Essay To effectively talk about the effect of ID’s in the classroom I thought who better to talk to than a teacher that has a classroom full of ID students. Ms. Tornetta Clark, she is an Intervention Specialist in a SED room for grades 1-4 depending upon age. We began our conversation with what lead her to become an Intervention Specialist? Ms. Clark stated that she had always wanted to be a teacher even as a child, so when she went to college she decided to become a teacher she started as an elementary teacher and later decided to get into special education. As time went on she learned that she enjoyed these children even more than the others, it was more gratifying. So now that we have broken the ice so to speak can you tell me what some of the problems associated with assessing the children with ID may be? Tornetta asked me which group of children would I like to discuss, the culturally diverse, gender specific, the psychological these are all type of ID children and different types of assessments, so where would you like to begin? I thought that it would be best for her to tell me about the most difficult one and she choose culturally diverse students. Ms. Clark states that when dealing with the minorities there are additional layers of complexity to consider especially if the child is of another ethnicity than the person that is doing the assessment. Ms. Clark also states that she prefers to do the majority of her assessments on her own simply because she has been doing this for a long time and that she has worked with several different ethnicities. Having worked with the different ethnicities I have the upper hand and a child can feel when they are understood or when someone is placating them. In my many years of teaching I have also realized that children can feel when someone really understands them and cares. In my classroom we start the morning off by saying good morning to everyone by name and then we each can stay one thing that happened last night or over  the weekend or just something that they may want to share each child gets two minutes and we have a timer to ensure everyone get quality time. This is also something that works well on their social skills. Now as far as the assessment on the psychological side most of these test and assessments are done in the clinic or with the therapist, now there have been an occasion or two where I have sat in and I have even administered the assessment. However the same problems still exist these test need to be tailored to each child and they are not they are standard which in my opinion is ridiculous each child is different so each child should be tested differently. Now I asked about gender specific testing but I have only ran across that twice in my many years of teaching, however it does exist and as educators we need to be able to deal with it and continue to tech and maintain our classes. There are or at least it used to be several teachers that were homophobic and thought that school is no place for a child’s sexual preference to come out or even to be discussed. Now in the schools we see it everyday boys holding hands with other boys and girls doing the same so therefore it has to be addressed, it cannot be slid under the carpet anymore. This is something that as educators we also need to be able to deal with especially in our SED classes, these child need more open discussions so that they do feel that they are being included. Our children have a tendency to get picked on and then they end up feeling as if no one understands them and they begin to contemplate suicide, as educators it is our job to do our best to deter those types of feelings and to encourage a child to be true to who they think they are and to not judge others for being different. We attempted to get back to the interview with on last question and that was, what are the characteristics of the teacher’s students with ID that result in eligibility for special education? Ms. Clark informed that the majority of the students that go through some sort of testing do not get into a special education program. However there are reasons for that in some cases it is because the parents do not push and keep up with the appointments as well as follow through with what they need to do as far as information that may be needed to get a child into a program and doctors’ appointments, the letter’s from the doctor’s. There are all sorts of reasons and then there are specific programs that some parents would like to see their child in, but there is a waiting list or there is another program that is comparable but  the parent is reluctant. Also some parent’s may not want their child labeled as a special education student so they are in denial. And last but not lest then there are the neighborhood schools that are full and there are no exceptions to be made so that the child can stay with their siblings, this also goes into the transportation realm of the problems as well, some districts offer transportation to children but if there are siblings they cannot receive transportation so parents do not want their children separated and that is undrstandbale in most cases. Clark tells me that she feels that if one child attends the school in the special education program then the siblings should attend that school as well and they should receive transportation as well. This would probably keep down some of the confusion on the buses anyway, especially if there is an older sibling that can watch out for the younger ones. This is how we were raised the oldest always looked out for the younger ones and made sure that everyone was home safe when mom and dad got in from work. I think that we need to get back to the motto that it takes a village to raise a child and if we did then the school system and the communities would be a better place. After talking with Ms. Clark I thought about how I raised my children and she was correct when she said that it takes a village to raise a child, I was a single parent for several years and I had six children two were in the special education program at the neighborhood school. I took them to school and my mother picked them up from school. The neighbor watched them as they would enter the house and have snack a start their homework until I got home from work. I did the same for her on the weekends when she worked and she also had a child that was special needs and we made it work if the school called and I was unable to go she would go and vice versa. The point is that as parents and educators we need to work together to let our youth know that they are loved and that they are going to be taken care of not just in the schools but at home as well. References Clark, Tornetta: Intervention Specialist. 2013 Personal conversation. June 20.

Overview of Sarcopenia

Overview of Sarcopenia Background Sarcopenia is age related disease with symptoms of loss of muscle mass, strength and function. Elderly over the age of 65 years are vulnerable to sarcopenia [6]. It is estimated that approximated 5-13% of older people aged 60–70 years are suffered from sarcopenia [8]. The proportion is about twice higher among elderly at the age of 80 or above [8]. Studies also found that sarcopenia is more likely seen in older men than older women [16,26]. Sarcopenia gains intensive attention from public and increasing researches indicated that it is a major clinical problem for older people. Risk factors of sarcopenia Current research found that lifestyle factors, including physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol consuming [3]; and biological factors, including older age, gender, decreased hormone level, motor unit remodeling and reduced protein synthesis [3,25], contribute to development of sarcopenia. Motor unit remodeling comes up of age and leads to replacement of fast twitch motor neuron[22,25] which results in less precise control of movements, less force production and slowing of muscle mechanics[22,23,25] as remodeled motor unit are smaller in size and slower to contract. Therefore, loss of fast twitch fibers increases risk of having sarcopenia. In addition, protein synthesis, growth hormone (GH), testosterone (T) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) are considered to be associated with sarcopenia as well [25]. It is well known that protein is important in muscle repairmen. And GH, T and IGF-1 are involved in protein metabolism and maintenance [23]. Different studies agreed that protein synthesis rate decreases throughout the natural aging process [24] and leads to loss of muscle mass. Thus, low protein synthesis rate, along with decrease in these hormones level provide possible occurrence of sarcopenia [25]. Consequences of sarcopenia Sarcopenia causes serious consequences not only at individual level but also at societal level. On the one hand, loss of muscle mass, strength and function lead to adverse health outcome in terms of frailty, disability, morbidity and mortality [8]. Essentially, sarcopenia is about twice as common as frailty [9]. Also, sarcopenia occurs with other morbidity in some times. Some of the co-morbidity are obesity [4,13], hypertension, osteoporosis [12] and type II diabetes [5,14,15]. Moreover, research suggests that loss of skeletal muscle strength may predict future mortality in middle-aged and elderly [2]. On the other hand, sarcopenia is linked with increased healthcare expenditure. In United States, the estimated direct healthcare attributable to sarcopenia represented about 1.5% of total healthcare expenditure in 2000 [21]. Diagnosis of sarcopenia according to different consensus panels Although research working in the area of sarcopenia is expanding exponentially, a universal definition is still under development. On average, current definitions are including muscle mass, muscle strength or even physical function. In 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published guidelines to help identify sarcopenia [1,9]. According to the EWGSOP, a person will be classified as having sarcopenia when two of three follow criteria were statisfied: (A) low muscle mass and (B) low muscle strength and/or (C) low physical performance [1]. Low muscle mass is defined as muscle mass ≠¥2 standard deviations below the mean of reference population [8], calculating by equipment such as DEXA-scanners. Low physical performance is defined as gait speed ≠¤ 0.8 m/s in the 4 meters walk test for both males and females [8]. International Working Group on Sarcopenia (IWGS) suggested diagnosing sarcopenia when the following criteria are fulfilled: (a) gait speed was < 1 m/s and (b) low muscle mass (cutoff value is similar to EWGSOP) [8]. The European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Special Interest Groups carried out that the cut off values for low muscle mass is defined as percentage of muscle mass > 2 SDs below the mean of reference individuals; for walking speed is < 0.8 m/s in the 4 meters walk test [1]. Measurement of muscle mass and muscle strength Muscle strength is mainly assessed by handgrip. While physical performance can be measured using simple tests such as the short physical performance battery test, usual gait speed or the timed get-up-and-go test; it is difficult to assess muscle mass in practice. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is recently proposed as the gold standard for muscle mass measurement. Other methods include bioelectrical impedance, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, urinary excretion of creatinine, anthropometric assessments, and neutron activation assessments can be used for measurement of muscle mass as well [8]. The process is complicated and need participation of professionals. Prevalence of sarcopenia varies as use of cut-off points relies on different instruments used for assessing muscle mass and strength and function. SARC-F, a newly developed simple questionnaire, has been regarded as rapid diagnosis test for sarcopenia. It contains five components: strength, assistance in walking, rise from a chair, climb stairs and falls. A question will be asked to assess each component variable. Scores range from 0-10, with 0-2 for each component [7]. Details of SARC-F are shown in table 1. Cut-off score A research conducted in Hong Kong tests the validation of SARC-F as a screening tool for sarcopenia in community. It found that SARC-F is able to predict future adverse outcomes with comparable power to other criteria. It also found that SARC-F has excellent specificity (94.4%) and negative predictive value but poor sensitivity. With high specificity, SARC-F is useful for screening out older adults with sarcopenia. Poor sensitivity may due to the number of participants classified as having sarcopenia represent only a small proportion of the total population studied [10]. Another research applied SARC-F in mainland China to screen sarcopenia and physical disability. It published that poor physical performance and grip strength were associated with SARC-F defined sarcopenia. But there was a very weak correlation to muscle mass in physically active outpatients. It pointed out potential explanation that the weak correlation may partly due to only small sample measured by DXA or BIA [11]. Relevance to Public Health Sarcopenia is coming of age. Elderly population is expected to remain on a rising trend in most of developed countries. In Hong Kong the proportion of the population aged 65 and over is projected to rise markedly from 13% in 2012 to 30% in 2041 []. It means that increasing population will suffer from sarcopenia. It is not surprise that sarcopenia increase the risk of physical disability. The risk of disability is 1.5 to 4.6 times higher in older persons with sarcopenia than in older persons with normal muscle. Men are at greater risk of sarcopenia related disability than women [16]. Recent estimates indicate that approximately 45% of the older U.S. population is sarcopenic and that approximately 20% of the older U.S. population is functionally disabled [21]. It is important to note that physical disability is associated with an increased risk of nursing home placement, home healthcare and hospital use [21]. And these healthcare services need extra healthcare expenditure to support. To sum up with information above, sarcopenia is becoming big challenge in public along with the rise of older population. It is cause serious health consequences in persons and make economic burden in countries.

The Horror of Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church. Essay example

The Horror of Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church. Early Sunday morning, people shuffle in through the mahogany doors as the smell of Frankincense and Myrrh tickle the nose. Rays of sunlight beam through the stained glass windows, making rainbow images on the red velvet carpet. What sounds like the voices of angels singing praise to the lord harmoniously circulates in the air. A mighty voice roars from the altar, â€Å"Now, let us bow our heads in prayer.† This is a majestic place where one can find peace, confess sins and thank the lord for all of the blessings he has bestowed upon them. In May of 1992, all of this would change, as Catholicism would be thrust to its knees. A story concerning a Catholic Priest sparked the headlines. The Boston Globe newspaper reported, â€Å"Nine allege priest abused them, threaten to sue church† (â€Å"Spotlight Investigation†). The article was a steppingstone for what triggered an intense investigation, extending from Massachusetts to Washington State, into allegations of child sexual abuse and the Catholic Church. For decades the Catholic Church has tolerated and silenced accusations of sexual misconduct by its priests. This essay discusses the link between the Roman Catholic Church, child sexual abuse and the possibility of a cover-up. Are the Archdiocese and the Catholic Church guilty of covering up accusations of child sexual abuse? If so, could the church have stopped the abuse before it became an epidemic? And why have multiple victims come forth alleging sexual abuse after so many years? In order to answer these questions, we must first identify the circumstances surrounding the scandal. First and foremost, the Archdiocese and the Catholic Church spawned a culture of secrecy whe... ... â€Å"Asked to help, priest allegedly abused.† Boston Globe. 05 June 2002 http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/stories2/060502_matte.htm â€Å"Five Principles to Follow in Dealing with Accusations of Sexual Abuse.† United States. Office of Catholic Bishops. June 1992. http://www.nccbuscc.org/comm/kit4.htm â€Å"Major settlements in Catholic sex abuse cases† USA Today. 9 Sept. 2003 http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2003-09-09-catholic-church-settlements_x.htm â€Å"Spotlight Investigation: Abuse in the Catholic Church.† 2003. 20 Oct. 2003. http://www.boston.com/globe/spotlight/abuse/ Turner, Maureen. â€Å"Telling Secrets.† Valley Advocate. 19 Dec. 2003 http://www.valleyadvocate.com/gbase/News/content.html?oid=oid:763 United States. Office of Catholic Bishops. 08 Oct. 2003. 20 Oct. 2003. http://www.nccbuscc.org/comm/restoretrust.htm

Augustine :: essays research papers

Midterm Exam Approaches to God 267 1) What do Luther, Aquinas, Augustine, Decartes, and Kierkeguard hold about the relationship between faith and reason? All of these great philosophers had varying views on the relationship between faith and reason. Martin Luther was a key historical figure and a key historical figure of his time. He rose to fame for his 95 thesis and is credited with bringing about the Protestant Reformation. Luther was a feidest- everything opens to faith with no regard to reason. He believed people were saved â€Å"by faith alone†. St Thomas Aquinas did not have the same views as Luther. He was a mitigated rationalist who believed in both faith and reason. Aquinas argued that reason preceded faith. St Thomas, a mendicant fryer, was a believer in the unity of truth. St Augustine of Hippo, a well respected, top-notch philosopher was one of the greatest thinkers of his time. The great Augustine was also a mitigated rationalist. Unlike Aquinas, Augustine believed faith preceded reason. He took ancient thought and applied it to the bible. He believed man was good, but not perfect. Augustine’s theory that faith precedes reason can be best summed up by citing his famous quote, â€Å"I believe in order that I may understand†. St Augustine was a giant in philosophy and continues to be studied today. Decartes, who invented the Cartesian Plain, wanted to make philosophy as precise as his beloved mathematics. He often related philosophy to the principles of geometry and fineness. Decartes operated out of the theory of doubt, he doubted everything. However he did not doubt the fact that he could think. He felt that he could not think without existing. Hence he came up with the notion â€Å"I think therefore I am.† Decartes ultimately pulled faith away from reason and completely separated their relationship. Kierkeguard was the father of modern existentialism. He stresses the individual as an existentialist he created three levels. The first level was an aesthetic level, second was an ethical, in which one leads a good life, and the third and highest level was called the â€Å"leap of faith†, the religious level. 2) Is natural theology a science? Why or why not? When determining whether or not natural theology is a science or not, we encounter many different opinions. Some may argue yes, while others argue no. The definition of Philosophy comes into play here. Philosophy- the science which studies all things in their ultimate causes by the light of natural reason.

Career Education in Many Forms :: Emplyoment School Essays

Career Education in Many Forms Official federal support for career education began in 1974; although funding intensity has varied over the subsequent 20 plus years, career education continues to receive emphasis in the nation's schools. The most recent programs included under the umbrella of "career education" are titled "school-to-work" and "tech prep," programs that are receiving generous federal appropriations for 1996-97 (Hoyt 1996). School-to-work programs, which include tech prep programs, are characterized by their focus on bridging the gap between school and work. They draw upon education and business collaboration, and partnerships between education and other parts of society. They are designed to provide "school-based learning, work-based learning, and activities to connect the two" (Wickwire 1995, p. 7); in this way, they engage the community in the career education and development of youth. The coordinated support network promoted in school-to-work programs is "linked to school and relies on parents, mentors, employers, youth advocates, and social service agencies to assist youth" (Rochester City School District 1994, p. 1). Involvement of Community Businesses Whether through school-to-work or tech prep programs, businesses are increasingly approached for active involvement in the educational community. As they recognize the growing need for technically, academically, and socially prepared workers, businesses are becoming more and more enthusiastic in their desire to collaborate with schools to provide up-to-date education and training for the students who will be their future workers. Tech prep programs capitalize on the employers' need for qualified workers by drawing employers into the identification of skills necessary for employment in their industries--thus establishing benchmarks for education and skill achievement. Most partnerships between schools and businesses focus on the delivery and development of academic and vocational skills (which include skills for employability). Such collaborative efforts can help students develop relevant skills for the workplace through revised up-to-date curriculum, youth apprenticeships, and mentor ing experiences. Youth apprenticeships afford another avenue by which community businesses become involved in the career education and development of youth. Apprenticeships require a partnership between "educators--secondary and postsecondary--and business people who are willing to provide jobs and worksite learning experiences for young people" (Joyce and Byrne 1995, p. 44). They have the advantage of taking students out of the classroom and exposing them to the rapidly changing work environment, complete with new technologies and new management processes. Involvement of Community Agencies Community agencies, such as the Chamber of Commerce, are also valuable resources for student career development as they afford linkage to community leaders and community-based experiences.

Vegetable Juice Advertisement

Films and commercials are the mirrors of the society. Many times, they portray our behavior, our culture, our beliefs our rules. Consider this ad for vegetable juices. â€Å"We are giving 30 million servings of vegetables to those who need it most. Want to help? † Asking you to help them feed the hungry the ad tries to sell its product in an innovative way. Clearly aimed at people who love to lead organic lives (read free of impurities) in every way it immediately draws their attention. Once drawn into reading it, it positions itself as a most common source of vegetables – â€Å"you usually drink V8 juice to get vegetables†. A picture of mud laden green leafy vegetable invokes the feeling of freshness and ‘straight from nature’ thought into the reader’s mind. Anything that is offered by the nature is considered pure and this helps dispel any notion of impurity from the minds of an alert and informed reader. It’s not difficult to miss the principal assumption that people who care about their health (and thus eating more vegetables) are the ones who also care about the environment and usually associates themselves with noble causes like helping to feed malnourished people. With this the advertisement effectively delivers its message that V8 juices are healthy alternative providing nutrients. To live healthy, green and helping poor are the changing signs of the times and the ad links itself with the trend and hopefully gets away with the message. The ad is definitely politically progressive as it gives people the opportunity to connect to a worthy cause while selling its product at the same time. It implores people to help the less privileged though their indirect actions.

Effect of Mobile Phones on Life

Little's Theorem Little's Theorem (sometimes called Little's Law) is a statement of what was a â€Å"folk theorem† in operations research for many years: N = ? T where N is the random variable for the number of jobs or customers in a system, ? is the arrival rate at which jobs arrive, and T is the random variable for the time a job spends in the system (all of this assuming steady-state). What is remarkable about Little's Theorem is that it applies to any system, regardless of the arrival time process or what the â€Å"system† looks like inside.Proof: Define the following: ? ( t ) ? number of arrivals in the interval (0,t ) ? ( t ) ? number of departures in the interval (0,t ) N ( t ) ? number of jobs in the system at time t = ? (t ) ? ?( t ) ? ( t ) ? accumulated customer – seconds in (0,t ) These functions are graphically shown in the following figure: â‚ ¬ The shaded area between the arrival and departure curves is ? (t ) . ? t = arrival rate over the inter val (0,t ) ? (t ) t Elec 428 Little’s Theorem N t = average # of jobs during the interval (0,t ) = ? (t) t Tt = average time a job spends in the system in (0,t ) â‚ ¬ = ? (t) ? (t) â‚ ¬ ? ? ( t ) = Tt? ( t ) T ? (t ) ? Nt = t = ? t Tt t Assume that the following limits exist: â‚ ¬ lim ? t = ? t >? lim Tt = T t >? Then â‚ ¬ lim N t = N t >? also exists and is given by N = ? T . â‚ ¬ Keywords: Little's Law Little's Theorem Steady state Page 2 of 2

Cubic miles

The cost driver I used in the revised exhibit is the cubic miles of snow, because in the case it stated that â€Å". .. The number of hours needed to clear the roadways depended to a great extent on cubic miles of snow. â€Å", which means if there's more snow on the ground, the plow drivers would work extra hours and therefore the department needs to pay more. Thus costs increase. Section AWE Group 3 1 . Apparently the flexible budget is more informative and reasonable. Because it Includes many activities that may increase the total budget cost, Make it adjustable hen there is an extreme weather and requires more plow drivers 2.The public works director's goal was trying to implement the new responsibility accounting system. Yes, I think the new approach is effective because It will give Sam Donaldson the quarterly report, Sam can be aware of the budget difference and make prompt adjustments, Help the department keep the costs within its budget 3. Yes the director should consult S am, for The new director is newly hired and lack certain amount of experience, Sam Donaldson is more experienced and can make appropriate adjustments to keep the costs within the budgets.

Diversity in the American Classrooms

The classrooms of the schools in the United States of America, especially for the public ones, may be considered as a box of M&M’s or Skittles, where each student is of different ethnic background and comes from a culture different from the rest. The flooding and diversity of cultures in the classrooms may be due to the fact that the American System of Education seeks to educate the most number of people and to provide Western thoughts and theories. In addition to this, the American System of Education has proven its economic value by giving its graduates the edge among the rest.The excellence exuded by the universities and schools and America can be seen by their continuous grip on the top 10 rankings among the universities of the world. Out of the 10 top universities of the world, six are from the United States. These universities are Harvard University (1), Yale University (2), Princeton University (6), University of Chicago (7), California Institute of Technology (7), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (10) (â€Å"Top 400 Universities†).As said earlier, the economic value placed for the graduates of these universities is higher than the others and this would be a very strong advantage for the American System of Education. The fact that the best education could be found in the US paves the way for a higher quality in terms of human capital. The labor market of the American country is consequently filled with professionals coupled with the decent opportunities created by the economy. Thus, it can be said that the good education and sterling quality for the tertiary education can be a antecedent factor for a good pool of professionals for the firms.This becomes a factor in reducing the poverty rate for the country. The high demand for the American Education puts much pressure to pursue excellence. America is considered as the land of milk and honey by a lot of people (Soriano). In relation to this, the American dream matches the belief tha t America is the land of milk and honey. The American dream is the pursuit of material prosperity and where life is better and richer according to one’s ability (â€Å"What is the American Dream? †). This has led to the influx of migration to the US by families and the subsequent rise for cultural diversity.This cultural diversity provides a huge benefit for several reasons. First, the classroom diversity enhances the classroom experience for both the students and the teachers. Aside from the day-to-day topics that the teacher or professor discusses and the facts presented by the textbook, the diversity in the classroom serves the purpose of learning through experience. One could learn from the various beliefs, traditions, principles, customs, and languages that the other cultures have (Vortemizzi). In a way, it gives the students learn â€Å"extra things† without the stringent requirements of the educational setting.Their daily interaction with the other cultur es and the high frequency of such would create a higher level of exposure for both cultures. Likewise, the teachers also learn to manage the differences in each classroom and learns how to deal with a diverse group of students to become fully aware of an international setting. Second, the diversity of the classrooms in the American Educational System prepares the students for the international arena. When one achieves to excel and think global, interaction and communication with other cultures is inevitable.The primary problem that is often encountered in international communication is with regard to how messages are perceived by the receiver and is sometimes different from what the sender means. According to Habeck et al. , â€Å"although the words are often the same, the meaning and unspoken assumptions can be very different, leading to misunderstanding and confusion† (86). However, with the exposure that the American classrooms bring to the students of different culture, t he problem would be minimized especially if the atmosphere inside the school is accommodating to the various cultures.Likewise, the teachers and the school administrators would be able to prepare for a varied setting and to be able to compete with the dynamic ways of the education sector. This would mean that there would be more chances that the enrollment rate would be higher since leeway is given for the acceptance of other cultures. The recognition of teachers and administrators of the different cultures provides for â€Å"a comfortable learning situation in which to realize their educational goals and accomplishments† (Connors).Third, this kind of setting teaches the students to become aware of how flexibility, tolerance, respect, and acceptance is important for everyone. This is especially true for the case of young children in the pre-school where they are given the opportunities to be able to understand a different color than they have. This makes them prepared for fur ther challenges and also equips them with the value of acceptance and understanding. With this, the friction is reduced especially when one would enter the workplace.The workplace is considered to be a rather dynamic setting where an international labor market is starting to emerge and the need to deal with different cultures is increasing. There is also the claim that with the acceptance and respect for the different cultures, social stability could be preserved and crime and poverty will be prevented (â€Å"Public Education in the United States†). Likewise, my personal experience with regard to interacting with different cultures and becoming aware that my culture is not the lone culture existing today has provided me with the chance to freely accept the whereabouts of a culturally diverse surrounding.This has also kept me more sensitive and aware of the other cultures and has helped me in the dealings and interactions I made with other people. For instance, my English clas s includes cultures of Asians, Middle East, Europeans, and Hispanic. I am able to adapt to this kind of setting for I am able to interact with them daily and understand their ways. With the foregoing discussion, it can be said that one benefit of the American system of education is its capability to accept various cultures and this provides benefits for both the students, the teachers, and the system itself.Works Cited Connors, Jeanne. â€Å"Cultural Diversity in the Classroom: Reaching out to Native American Students. † Setting the Stage: Opening with Influence. Aug. 1996. Habeck, Max, et al. After the Merger: Seven Rules for Successful Post-merger Integration. Great Britain: Prentice Hall, 2000. â€Å"Public Education in the United States. † Microsoft ® Student 2007 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006. Soriano, Jaime N. The Land of Milk and Honey? 5 June 2005. Manila Times. 23 March 2008 [http://www. manilatimes.net/national/2005/jun/05/yehey/career/200 50605car6. html]. â€Å"Top 400 Universities. † Quacquarelli Symonds. 23 March 2008 [http://www. topuniversities. com/worlduniversityrankings/results/2007/overall_rankings/top_400_universities/]. Vortemizzi, Julius. Diversity in American Schools. 22 March 2007. Stanza Ltd. 23 March 2008 [http://www. quazen. com/News/Opinions/Diversity-in-American-Schools. 19095]. â€Å"What is the American Dream? † 19 December 2002. The Library of Congress. 23 March 2008 [http://lcweb2. loc. gov/learn/lessons/97/dream/thedream. html].