Archaeology in the News Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Having examined the information about the site at Sedgeford, there are a number of different methods that I think would benefit the site. Firstly, a period of fieldwalking may be useful to identify different features and find small artifacts which may aid the investigation. This method is good for sites spread over a large area, such as Sedgeford, and may help the volunteers define the edges of the potential Anglo Saxon settlement which was suggested by the BBC News article (Roskams, 2001). Additionally, fieldwalking may bring up new surprises about the site. The website for the dig also mentions that geophysics has been done to identify prominent features. However, it gives the boundaries of the area and these look rather small it may be beneficial to do geophysics over a larger area to find more potential spots for finds and features. Additionally, geophysics might give some more insight into how the clay oven fits into the wider scenario of the potential settlement and whereabou ts in the town that it was. Another method that may be of use to this site is flotation. We will write a custom essay sample on Archaeology in the News or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Overall, there are many different directions in which the site can go to find out more about the Anglo-Saxon roots of the area and using a variety of archaeological methods could help improve the finds.

Animals Are Not Safe And Secure Places Essay - 2001 Words

Extinction is the state or process of a species, family, or larger group being or becoming extinct (no longer present). Scientists have estimated that there are about two hundred to two thousand species to go extinct every year on Earth, as we know it. What can we, as humans, do to prevent certain species to become extinct? Animals can be kept in safe and secure places, such as a zoo or an aquarium, so that humans can help boost their surviving needs such as food, water, and shelter that may be hard to find for the animal species on its own. Although we may think that zoos and aquaria are mainly built to keep animals in captivity, and to be built on display for people to view, there are also specific benefits for these animals. When I came upon choosing this topic, I was discussing with one of my peers what she thought on animals being kept in zoos and aquaria and she told me no. After asking a plethora of students around me on their opinion, they responded with the same answer. I fe el that certain animal species, specifically the ones that are going extinct, should be kept in an enclosed, safes observatory. In this paper, I will present an alternative position on the topic on whether animals should be kept in zoos or aquaria, considering a variety of perspectives, and concluding with a position on animal extinction that seems most justifiable. There are four main types of zoos and aquaria that are located on Earth to entertain humans as well as to keep certain animalsShow MoreRelatedMission. To Provide A Safe Zone For Animals By Providing1333 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide a Safe Zone for animals by providing quality, safe enviorment, exhibiting loving and humane behavior. As well as to advocate to others as well humane behavior to reduce suffering in the world. Our program provides rescue, rehabilitation, and safe zone to abandoned, neglected, and abused animals. 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Challenge Facing New Zealand’s Chief Executive

Question: Discuss about theChallenge Facing New Zealands Chief Executive. Answer: Introduction: Parikh and Gupta (2010) explain organisational behaviour as a manner in which people working in enterprises communicates with others in order to achieve their assigned tasks. Companies today are performing their activities in global environment that is related with frequent changes taking place in economy and technology (Cameron and Green, 2015; Harold, 2010). Numerous studies have been undertaken by researchers where they have tried to understand varied role CEO plays in improving the performance of enterprises and what motivates employees to stay in the company. This essay is going to critically analyse one of the studies undertaken by Ann Hutchison and Peter Boxall for evaluating critical challenges faced by New Zealands chief executives for better management skills. Critical Analysis Thesis Statement and Research Questions Global financial crisis taken place in 2008-2009 and frequent earthquakes occurred in Christchurch has affected the economic growth of New Zealand severely where government in order to fill the national account deficit and for developing the social infrastructure started taking loans from countries (Hutchison and Boxall, 2014). As per the fluctuating scenario, change management in entities has become very essential where they require managing their workforce to be capable of adapting and performing in adverse conditions. This not only helps enterprises in achieving operational effectiveness through successful activities but also creates competitive edge over other players. In the opinion of Wei and Yazdanifard (2014) skill development and proper change management cannot be possible without top management support specially CEO who are responsible for managing uncertainty, making good business partners, administering personnel and being answerable to directors for company performance. The thesis statement for the article is to analyse the reasons behind why in spite of growth opportunities present in the country in sectors like manufacturing and services the residents are still migrating to developed regions like UK (Hutchison and Boxall, 2014). The author through research has identified that there is limited niche players in different fields (automobile, aerospace and semiconductors) of New Zealand that is limiting career opportunities of individual and they are shifting to larger international offices of other countries. The researcher in order to support this point has supported the statement with proper comparison where New Zealanders employment percentage in Australia was 83% men and 70% men as compared to its own resident that is 72% and 32%. The major problem identified by investigator was that the country consists of small scale entities where talented and educated workforce does not want to be as there is no scope for their career progression. Moreover t he researcher has mentioned that the country have shortage of managerial resources who can motivate their subordinates to be in the company. The researcher question for this study can be: Whether New Zealand consists of leaders who can respond efficiently to changes taking place in economy and technology? What are the key challenges that chief executives experience in their environment? The thesis statement pointed out by researcher offer main background information related with the topic, however, proper connection with research questions was lacking and no headings was given which makes the structure complex. The study started talking about what challenges the New Zealand is facing due to recession and global slowdown and why people want to move to other developed counties. Nevertheless, the researcher did not intended to evaluate what could be the suggested solutions for the problems being faced by CEO. Indabawa and Uba (2014) have agreed leaders like CEO and supervisors to be the most influential person who with the help of good leadership styles can motivate people to perform better in the organisation. With changes taking place in external environment they can be the only one who can inspire people to have positive attitude towards implementing change in corporate culture (Reiss, 2012; Hollyforde and Whiddett, 2002; Wei and Yazdanifard, 2014). Strength and Weakness of Article The problem statement for challenges that New Zealands leaders face currently has been accurately described and supported by reference where the researcher has also described relevant facts related with countrys poor performance. For instance, it was identified that New Zealands agricultural and utility segment has performed far better than Australia but the service sector is not up to the mark which employs nearly 70% of countrys (NZ) population (Hutchison and Boxall, 2014). This information clearly suggests that necessity of strategic leaders in service segment like retail, hospitality, finance, construction and wholesale needs to be higher as compared to other fields like mining. Moreover, Mckinsey Co. based on operations, performance and people management as productivity indicators ranked New Zealand as 10 among 17 countries which are still better than rest 7 countries and companies could improve their scenario by developing superior managerial capabilities. Researcher in order to find the key challenges that senior executives face in dealing with companies suggested a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative) where 1000 largest enterprises of New Zealand was chosen from the significant sectors; public, private and not-for-profit segments. Questionnaire created on the basis of Likert Scale was created along with some open-ended questions to have different opinions from the CEO participating in the study. Separate risk (14) factors related with risk and challenges currently faced by economy were made where respondents were asked to rank them on scale of 1-4. Selection of mixed method for the study was good with the help of which findings in both percentage and opinions could be achieved and could be cross-checked with validity (Creswell, 2014). Sample size and sectors were accurate as it helped the researcher to investigate 981 respondents belonging to different segments and relevant data was obtained. However, the study findings could be criticised for its reliability and validity as the proper method of analysis was not implemented. In order to have valid results a researcher should always involve mathematical testing like SPSS of data set through which proper correlation among variables could be evaluated (R. B., Burns, R. Burns and R. P. Burns, 2008). Results obtained from the investigation illustrated different ranking of risk and challenges faced by CEO ranging from the segments to which they belonged. As per CEO working in private sector, market risks, shareholder management, gaining access to finance, and economic fluctuations as the most influential factors. On the other hand, public and non-for-profit suggested fund raising, economic fluctuations, compliance with government factors and managing alliance with global companies as top four challenging factors. It showed difference in people opinions based on the field they were in; however, there is no evidence that these findings are free of biasness as respondents could be reluctant to answer the asked questions attentively. As no ethical considerations or limitations for the study has been mentioned by the researcher the findings and its validity is questionable. Moreover, the researcher in the thesis statement raised retention of talented employees in New Zealand as one of the major issues faced by CEO yet no in depth analysis was done related with this point (Hutchison and Boxall, 2014). The overall study is based on research involving CEO where surveying employees with them could have been beneficial as it would have provided with reasons why people shift to other countries. Miner (2005) has identified motivation as the most important factor for retaining employees in organisations which can be achieved through intrinsic and extrinsic awards. However, the investigator mentioned only low wages and less career opportunities as the main reasons behind high labour migration. Lack of recognition, improper work culture, leaders ineffectiveness and lack of stability are some of the factors that influences the personalities of people (Wei and Yazdanifard, 2014). Poor retention in New Zealand economy could be due to lack of extrinsic rewards and inappropriate leadership styles adopted by executives in managing people which is essential for better change mana gement (Fretwell, Lewis and Hannay, 2013; Sidhu, 2013). The researcher failed to analyse the importance of these factors in its analysis and limited the scope with knowing only the challenges faced by CEO in the country for managing companies. In spite of certain constraints of the study, it helped in identifying relevant challenges and risks faced by CEO based on sector type where non-for-profit entities face greatest problem in raising fund while private company claimed market related threats as the most challenging factor. Conclusion The overall structure of the article is weak as the investigator has failed to point out and describe the relevant information under suitable headings. The overall study creates confusion in mind of readers as it is difficult to identify the topics related with introduction and literature review. Though in the initial sections of the article the author has offered very interesting facts related to the topic and has supported the arguments with appropriate referencing there was no research questioned formation. However, the surveyor has discussed relevant facts and figures related with New Zealand where companies must respond efficiently to the economic and technological sectors fluctuations. The country is facing high migration where according to researcher low payments and less career opportunities are main reasons whose impact could have been analysed by investing employees in the study as well. The data analysis for quantitative method could have been performed with the help of st atistical techniques for better validity and reliability among variables identified with risks and challenges. Nevertheless, the researcher was able to select appropriate sample size and segments to conduct the researcher which assisted in deriving relevant challenges faced by CEO currently in New Zealand. Reference list Burns, R. B., Burns, R. and Burns, R. P. (2008) Business Research Methods and Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd. ed. London: Sage Publications. Cameron, E. and Green, M. (2015). Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools and Techniques of Change Management, 4 th edition. London: Kogan Page. Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4 th edition. London: Sage. Fretwell, C. E., Lewis, C. C., and Hannay, M. (2013). Myers-Briggs type indicator, A/B personality types, and locus of control: Where do they intersect?.American Journal of Management,13(3), pp. 57-66. Harold, K. (2010). Essentials of Management. Noida: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Hollyforde, S., and Whiddett, S. (2002). The Motivation Handbook. Wiltshire: CIPD. Hutchison, A. and Boxall, P., 2014. The critical challenges facing New Zealand's chief executives: implications for management skills.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,52(1), pp.23-41. Indabawa, S.L and Uba, Z. (2014). Human Relations and Behavioural Science Approach to Motivation in Selected Business Organizations in Kano Metropolis Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(25), pp. 168-174. Miner, J. (2005). Organizational Behavior: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. London: M.E Sharpe. Parikh, M and Gupta, R. (2010). Organisational Behaviour. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Reiss, M. (2012). Change Management. Norderstedt: Books on Demand. Sidhu, N.S. (2013). Conflict management styles of workers. International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services Management Research, 2(5), pp. 158-170. Wei, L.T., and Yazdanifard, R. (2014). The impact of positive reinforcement on employees performance in organizations. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 4, pp. 9-12.

Management Techniques of Innovating Globally

Managers all around the world are always looking for ways of improving their businesses through innovation, but most of the time are frustrated by poor results. Stuart Crainer’s interview with the innovation guru, Costas Markides, in â€Å"Innovation Globally† (Business Strategy Review 21.1 (2010): 24-27. Web) provides managers with techniques of innovating globally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management Techniques of Innovating Globally specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This article has two main purposes: first, is to provide guidelines on how established companies can respond to the invasion of a disruptive business model in their industries; secondly, is how managers can apply ideas to non-business situations to find solutions for some global problems. In this article, the author addresses the following key question: â€Å"can the techniques used by managers to create innovation inside organ izations work with global change?† (Crainer, 25). The most important information in this article is on how to disrupt the disrupter in the marketplace. Markides points out that the most successful way of responding to competitive challenges is by disrupting the disrupter. This strategy involves observing the business challenger and developing techniques of outdoing it in the market. The challenger most of the time comes up with products that correspond to the ones of the established business and adds more weight on the different product characteristics. Therefore, managers of established companies should find new ways of disrupting the strategies of the competitors. Markides also maintains that it is better for a company to make changes when it is booming rather than when it is having trouble on its growth. Innovation and continued success depends on the manager of an organization capability of taking drastic action, even when the business is on top of the marketplace. Introdu cing change at this stage gives managers the luxury and the credibility of rejuvenating the organization. The main inference in this article is that managers can apply sound ideas to non-business situations to find amicable solutions to a number of global issues. Management, as the art of bringing individuals together for a common objective, can be used to solve societal problems such as crime and prostitution. The article illustrates this point by giving a scenario of a research professor, called David Kennedy, who found a successful way of dealing with the drug problem among teenagers. He videotaped teenagers in the streets distributing and selling drugs and instead of the police prosecuting them, they had to follow an action plan for rebuilding their lives.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The key concept that we need to understand from this article is that we need to spre ad innovative ideas globally, not just in one city or in one country. By this concept, the author means that since new ideas already exist on how to get solutions for societal problems, our aim should be on mechanisms of incorporating the innovative ideas on an increased scale. However, he asserts that this is not happening because individuals often think that they are different, that another person’s innovative idea will not be applicable in their â€Å"special† case. The article asserts that for innovation to succeed in any environment, individuals must be ready to take the initiative of developing it. Even in the business environment, there are many ideas, but most of them are not accomplished because nobody ever cares to take ownership of them to ensure they spread and become successful. The main assumption underlying the author’s thinking is that the readers are aware of the issue at stake: global innovation. He assumes that every reader knows all about the topic; therefore, he does not give some credible background information about the issue. As much as individuals like to be treated as equals and not being talked down to; however, does not imply that he should make an assumption that everyone is equipped with enough information to fully grasp the topic. In answer to Crainer’s question on the ways that a company can function as a model for innovative change, Markides maintains that the position that a company plays in the society is not to maximize shareholder value, but to develop products and services that increase value to the society. This is because maximizing shareholder value comes automatically as the business seeks to meet the needs and requirements of the customers. Therefore, if this is the aim of any organization, it implies that the managers of the organization are not going to engage in illegal or unethical things to maximize shareholder value. If we take this line of reasoning seriously, the implication is that businesses would cease to deal only with marketplace competition, but also focus on the importance of underlying values as the moral compass that should guide behavior. However, if we fail to take this line of reasoning seriously, the implication is that we would experience severe economic recession and most companies going under because of too much self-indulgence and fraud. Many people would suffer from lack of jobs, crime rate would increase, and more people would be poor simply because of not upholding these values in business. In conclusion, the main point of view presented in this article is that innovation can be used globally both to solve business and societal problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management Techniques of Innovating Globally specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Work Cited Crainer, Stuart. â€Å"Innovation Globally.† Business Strategy Review 21.1 (2010): 24-27. Web. This essay on Management Techniques of Innovating Globally was written and submitted by user Eileen Obrien to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Convention Exhibition Centre Essays

Convention Exhibition Centre Essays Convention Exhibition Centre Essay Convention Exhibition Centre Essay On the 18th February 2009, several lucky year 11 drama students at Santa Maria College saw Nostalgia by Ishinha at the Perth Convention Exhibition Centre. This play extended for 2 hours, which was a reasonable time frame for such an astounding performance. Prior to the performance, I had very low expectations for the play because I assumed I wouldnt understand the plot, for the dialogue is in Japanese. However, the performance definitely exceeded my expectations because I understood the plot through the non-verbal communication and greatly appreciated this. The performance put aside, the audience was disappointing because I was forced to mix with people I would not normally mix with, and these people carried out rude habits, such as eating and talking during the performance. Nevertheless, the play was that brilliant that I didnt notice this often. Nostalgia is a play about Japanese immigrants migrating to Brazil in 1908. It is the story of Noichi, who wonders around the world, falling in love with Ann along the way. Ann, Noichi, and their new companion, Chikino, wander throughout South America. Unfortunately, they get separated because of racism and struggle to find each other again. Along with racism, Nostalgia faces such issues as friendship, immigration, and discrimination. The dramatic form of Nostalgia is non-realism because of certain theatrical devices. For example: the characters broke the fourth wall; language was stylised through repetition; and dance, song, and unrealistic costume were employed. Even though the form was non-realism, it also included aspects of a representational style because it attempted to create the illusion of life progressing on stage. The settings were extremely detailed and realistic, and the audience is expected to emphasise with the characters. I liked how the action of the play was clearly structured into thirteen obvious scenes, which generally didnt include narrative devices. Each scene had an individual tone. For example, scene 9 had a joyful tone, involving several cheerful children singing questions. Whereas, scene 3 had a distressing tone, because the privacy of the immigrants was violated. The overall tone of the play would be reflective because each scene reflects on different aspects along their journey. The performance space used was a box stage and the set changed every scene. The set was mostly representational in style because it was very realistic, especially in the newspaper factory in scene five. However, it did consist of few presentational scenes because the set was unachievable. Some of these unachievable sets included the beach in scene one, the river in scene six, and the desert in scene eight. The set was extremely effective in creating a sense of place because it was so realistic and believable. The set contributed to the various moods of the play because it emphasized the issues by situating them on a more believable level. There are numerous scenes in Nostalgia that used lighting, which consequently impacted my opinion of the play. Some scenes cleverly used realistic lighting to convey to the audience the time of day. For example, in scene five, the lighting was bright during the day, and then dimmed when it was nighttime. The use of symbolism through lighting really impacted my view of the play. One of the many brilliant examples was in scene three: during the physical examination, there was an extremely bright light symbolising the violation of the immigrants privacy, which contributed to the distressed mood of the scene. There were many sound effects used throughout the duration of the play. One of the powerful examples occurred in scene five: after the protests, fire, rape, and shootings, there was unbelievably loud music, which intensified the scene. This contributed to the chaotic mood of the scene because the loud music added more havoc to the issues already presented. Overall, I definitely enjoyed watching Nostalgia. I believe the play is amazing because of the theatrical techniques, such as music; lighting; song and dance; and scene structure. Surprisingly, I could actually understand the plot, regardless of not being able to recognise the dialogue, because I understood the non-verbal communication. This was a new experience for me, as I had never seen an international play before. Without a doubt, I would recommend everyone to watch Nostalgia!

What Is the Federal Work Study Program Definition and Guide

What Is the Federal Work Study Program Definition and Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're brainstorming different methods of funding your college education, you've likely considered working your way through school. The federally-funded Work Study program exists to make this option a little more viable. You don't receive a loan or a grant - instead, you get a job that exists partly because this program subsidizes your wages. Work-study awards are unique components of many students' financial aid packages. Because these awards are so different from your typical loan, grant, or scholarship, you might have questions about how they work, exactly. In this post, I'll go over everything you need to know about Work Study. What Is the Work Study Program? As you may already know, the federal government offers many different types of financialaid to students who need help paying for school. When you submit a Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, you're submitting yourself for consideration for these programs. If you're accepted to a particular school and noted that you would like to be considered for financial aid, you'll receive an aid package from that institution. The package will include the federal aid you're eligible for (grants, loans, and work study awards), in addition to aid awarded by the school (like scholarships). If you're eligible to receive Federal Work Study (FWS), which is a need-based program, the award amount will be listed in this financialaid package. It's built in as a form of "self-help" - basically, it's money that schools expect you to earn during the academic year to help pay for your educational expenses. At this point, you may be wondering how this could be considered an award. It just sounds like a charge you're expected to pay, right? To a certain extent, that's the idea. It's not a grant - you don't get any money handed to you - but it's meant to make your life easier when it comes to getting a campus job. Through the work study program, the federal government subsidized certain jobs (most of which are on campus). Schools hire students with work study awards, and these students' wages are paid in part by that federal money. The amount that the government actually subsidizes depends on the type of work that you're doing, but it good be up to 75% of your wages. Ultimately, this program incentivizes institutions to (1) create jobs that can be filled by part-time students, and (2) hire students with Work Study awards. Example Financial Aid Award With Work Study I've used the FAFSA4caster to come up with an example federal aid award package that includes FWS. In this example, I entered a family gross adjusted income of $65,000 and a total cost of attendance of $65,000. Remember that cost of attendance includes tuition, room, board, fees, and all personal and travel expenses. I'll refer back to this example throughout this article. In this example situation, I would be eligible for $1,465 in Work Study, and $5,500 in Direct Stafford Loans (guide coming soon). The difference between my cost of attendance (CoA) and the total federal aid available to me is $58,035. My expected family contribution (EFC) is $5,930. Let's say for the sake of this example, I attend a school that meets 100% of students' financial need (this, of course, is an idealized and simplified situation). The EFC subtracted from the difference is $52,105, so I'm provided with $52,105 in grants and scholarships. Ultimately, I am personally responsible for working to come up with $1,465 if my true CoA comes out to be $65,000. Who's Eligible for Federal Work Study? In order to qualify for FWS, you must both demonstrate financial need and meet all federal aid requirements. The program is fortunately open to both undergraduate and graduate students. You can use your family's financial information to estimate whether you would receive a FWS award (and if so, how large an award) by checking out the FAFSA4caster. Get step-by-step instructions for using the FAFSA4caster here. The following charts explain all the federal aid requirements in detail. You must do all of the following: Eligibility Requirement Have a high school diploma, GED, or approved homeschool education Be enrolled or accepted to enroll in an eligible degree/certificate program You can check with your school/program’s financial aid office if you want to confirm eligibility Be registered with Selective Service, if you are male and between 18-25 years old If applicable, register with the SS website Have a valid Social Security Number (unless you’re from the Marshall Islands, Federal States of Micronesia, or the Republic of Palau) Sign statements on the FAFSA stating that (1) you’re not in default, and do not owe refund money, on a federal student loan, and (2) you’ll only use federal aid money to help pay for your education Access the FAFSA Maintain â€Å"satisfactory† progress in school If you’re concerned about your academic performance, or have questions about what is considered â€Å"satisfactory,† set up a meeting with your dean or other school administrator. In addition to the above, you must be able to check one of the following: Be a US citizen or US national Have a green card Have an arrival-departure record Have battered immigrant status Have a T-Visa Work Study Jobs Most FWS jobs are on campus, which should make it easier to get from your dorm to class to work. Some nonprofits or public agencies offer FWS positions, although these jobs are relatively rare. Almost any sort of on-campus job could be a Work Study job - in fact, a lot of employers that offer these positions can only afford to hire students with FWS awards (especially because up to 75% of your salary may be subsidized). Examples of Work Study jobs include library staffers, admissions office tour guides, research assistants, and even baristas. I know for a fact that the best student cafe in Harvard Yard exclusively hires students with FWS awards. Getting paid to make (and drink) coffee? Yes please. How Much Can You Make? Your hourly salary will be at least the current federal minimum wage, which is $8.25/hr at the moment. You could possibly earn more, depending on what you're doing and what school you're attending. Many schools have their own campus minimum wages; for example, the minimums at Harvard for work study jobs stand at $10/hr for undergrads, and $12.50/hr for grad students. Work Study Limits There are a few restrictions to where and how you can earn FWS money, but generally it's a pretty flexible program. First, in order to get a Work Study job, you have to attend a school that participates in the Work Study program. Your school's financial aid program will be able to tell you whether they have FWS jobs on campus. They'll also be able to direct you to FWS job postings. If you do get a FWS award, you should know that the annual maximum is $7,000, but the average award is much lower - around $1,465. As for how you use your work study money, you're free to do whatever you'd like with it. Your wages will go directly to you, unless you request that the money be sent to your school so it can be applied to charges for things like tuition, room, and board. A word of warning: if you spend your earnings on things that are not budgeted into your estimated cost of attendance, you could leave yourself with a "gap" between how much money you have, and how much money it costs to attend school. For example, let's say (based on the financial aid package I described earlier in the post) that all of my aid goes to tuition, room, board, and fees. I still have to pay for laundry, books, and transportation; that's what my FWS award ($1,465) is earmarked for. If I do something else with my FWS earnings (say, buy expensive concert tickets), I won't have the money I need to fund personal expenses. You do not want this to happen; your roommates will not be pleased if you have to bum quarters off them for laundry. Do You Have to Take a Work Study Job If You Have a Work Study Award? The short answer is no, you're under no obligation to take a FWS job. If a FWS award has been factored into your budget in your financial aid package, and you decide not to take a job, you could choose to live more frugally to lower your cost of attendance. This is a good option if you're planning on using your earnings to pay for personal expenses (like in the example I described above). You are also free to take on a non-Work Study job. Just be aware that earnings from a non-FWS job will reduce your federal aid eligibility if by 50% over $6,310. If you make $8,000, for example, your federal aid eligibility would decrease by $845. You won't see this decrease in aid eligibility from earnings at a FWS job. How Do You Apply? Now that you've learned all about the federal Work Study program, you know that it's a good option for students who are interested in working part-time while in school. You can apply for a FWS award by submitting a Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA (get step-by-step directions here). Application deadlines for this program vary by school, but funds tend to be limited. It's best to apply earlier rather than later (e.g. submit your application early spring for the next academic year). Contact your financial aid office to check on detailed information on deadlines for FWS applications. Keep in mind that having a Work Study award doesn't guarantee a Work Study position - you have to apply for jobs once you're on campus, just like for any other part-time position. You still have to apply for FWS positions, but the good news is you'll get great application interview experience Planning Ahead: You Have a Work Study Award, So Now What? If you already have a FWS award, or think you might receive one, you'll find strategies for making the most of it in this section. Be Proactive Work Study jobs are often highly coveted. If you're planning on using your FWS award, start looking for jobs as soon as you get on campus. Check out your school's job database or career center. If a prospective employer participates in the Work Study program, they'll be incentivized to hire you if you notify them about your award. Budget Out Your Award It can be tempting to work a lot of hours at your FWS job once you start getting in those paychecks. If you have a smaller award amount, or if you work many hours, you could run out of your FWS money faster than you anticipate. If your employer has hired you specifically because you have FWS, they may not be able to afford you if you run out of funds. Step 1: How many weeks do you plan on working during the academic year? Subtract any summer or vacation time that you won't be working. Step 2: Assuming that your award is subsidizing 75% of your paycheck (this might vary), divide your total FWS award by (hourly rate multiplied by 75%). This gives you the total number of hours you can work for the year. Step 3: Divide the number you calculated in Step 2 by the number of weeks you calculated in Step 1 to get your average number of hours per week. Be honest with your employer about your Work Study Award. Chances are, she's had FWS employees before, and knows that you'll have to stay within certain earnings parameters. She may even have a budget to keep paying you after you run out of FWS funds, which is another reason to keep her in the loop. Track Your Earnings Once or twice a semester, it's smart to double-check whether your FWS award amount is where you expect it to be. This gives you the opportunity to catch and correct any mistakes (for example, if you've earned $1,000 but $2,000 has been deducted from your Work Study award). You should be able to check the status of your FWS award through your employer, or through your student employment office. FWS awards can change from year to year, especially if you report any outside scholarships or awards. This can be frustrating, especially if you find a FWS-only job that you really like. Be prepared to be flexible when it comes to budgeting out your Work Study job earnings. What's Next? If you're interested in the federal Work Study program, you should also learn more about other types of federal aid. After all, you'll only have to submit one application to be considered for all these different aid programs! Learn more about the Pell Grant, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and Direct Subsidized Loans. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Author's tone and purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Author's tone and purpose - Essay Example Not even a short one. If that what you are looking for, you don’t want me†. The author other purpose was to show how the short story has been dominated far too long by the novel. The other author meticulously shows this by adeptly using metaphors. Millhauser describes this predominance by metaphorically writing, â€Å"The novel buys up the land, cuts down the trees, puts up the condos.† One of the tones the author of the article has used is tough tone. This tone is captured when Millhauser describes the novel as â€Å"exhaustive by nature, it can hardly contain itself.† Furthermore, Millhauser still captures a tough tone, no doubt, when he writes strongly about the novel â€Å"after all, what difference does it make? It’s nothing but talk.† The other tone the author capture in his work is optimisms. Millhauser demonstrates his sense of optimism by writing optimistically about the short story. Millhauser describes the short story as â€Å"modest in its pretensions, shyly proud of its petite

A Position Paper on the Current State of the Music Recording Industry Case Study

A Position Paper on the Current State of the Music Recording Industry - Case Study Example But more than a simple issue of finances and revenues is the issue of the product that Springsteen is selling, other than the records the labels are charged with marketing. In the tradition of rock and roll, a tradition that Springsteen is now a large part of, the live performance is the musician’s venue for making that personal connection—an emotional connection—with his fans. Through tours and concerts, the rock musician continues a legacy in which millions of people are emotionally invested. Firstly, because Bruce Springsteen is so well-established, his concert, performance, and appearance revenues actually outweigh revenues of sales from his album releases. This fact makes two things clear: first, the choice between record label distribution and self-distribution is less important, and second, Springsteen can focus on performing instead of writing new material to play to new audiences. Instead, he can perform his classic repertoire of music that multiple generations have loved and enjoyed. For that reason, his record label should actually have very little impact on his musical career going forward, which is a similar case to Radiohead, who decided to self-distribute new material. Clearly, the decision to trust a record label or to self-distribute is up to the individual artist, and his decision will be influenced by a number of factors. For Springsteen, first and foremost, is his age. At 60, a 10-year contract may last him through the remainder of his performing career . Also, for many artists, the decision to self-distribute is a philosophical one: trying to shift away from the label-dominated paradigm that exists in the United States. These intangible issues aside, perhaps the best advice one can give Bruce Springsteen, when faced with these two options, is to reflect on his experiences from the past 35 years, and whether he has had a satisfying experience with Columbia. Another

Instructional planning & strategies task Essay Example for Free

Instructional planning strategies task Essay On the past times the Florida State Standards for Mathematics had a problem and some comments for revision was proposed on it. Fortunately all the conflicts encountered were already ended well. Through the help of the Florida Department of Education the State Standards for mathematics had improved and developed. This was a guide for the level standards particularly grade 6-8 stating those that the students should learn and what they can do at the grade level intervals eventually. The following are one of the standards for each level followed by the corresponding goals and objectives. Standard for Grades 6-8: Students already know the concept of numbers and some mathematical operations. However, for a specific grade, the goal and objectives are heighten as each student upgrades or proceeds to its new level, considering the knowledge they have gained from previous grades. Grade 6: Goal: students figure out whether the existing numbers are fractions, decimals, percents, scientific notations, exponent, radicals and absolute value by just looking at its form. Objectives: At the end of the school year the students are expected to do the following so that they will be well familiar with the other branching and composition of numbers. 1. write and categorize numbers according to their forms (e. g. fractions, decimals, exponents) 2. convert a given amount of number in fraction, decimal or scientific notation, and state it correctly. 3. tell whether numbers articulated in diverse forms are identical through some board works. Grade 7: Goal: students must clarify eventually the four fundamental operations used for whole numbers, fractions as well as mixed numbers and decimals, the opposite relationship of positive and negative numbers Objectives: At the end the students are able to fulfill the following because the relevance of the operations will be useful in dealing with other mathematical matters. 1. enumerate results of four fundamental operations on whole numbers and the forms mentioned above. This is to show that the students already know something about it. 2. make use visuals to present the connections of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on its dealing with different forms of numbers to show that children are not confused of it. 3. state and pertain clearly the properties of rational numbers in solving mathematical problems. Grade 8: Goal: eventually the students are aware of and make use of exponential and scientific notation. Therefore, the students must perform indicated operations on examinations board works and group activities. Objectives: the students in due course can do the expected performance for the assurance that coped up already the knowledge in the whole number system. 1. write and recite numbers in exponential notations even if these numbers contain negative exponents 2.tell correctly numbers ranging from 0 to 1 converted in scientific notations 3. appraise numerical or algebraic expressions that enclose exponential notation so as to prove that they are able to surpass various forms of training in numbers for the previous years. Reference: Focus on Success: A REVIEW OF THE FLORIDA SUNSHINE STATE STANDARDS FOR RIGOR AND ALIGNMENT TO COLLEGE READINESS, Retrieved August 25, 2007, http://etc. usf. edu/flstandards/math/College_Board. pdf.

Reaction To Othello By By Julius Lester :: essays research papers

The novel Othello by Julious Lester is one of the most interesting love stories I have ever read. Iago the greatest villain of all times plays with the red handkerchief to ruin and sometimes determine love for people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Othello loves his red handkerchief and gives it to Desdemona to have as a symbolism of love for them. Desdemona takes the handkerchief and puts it in her blouse. Othello has a headache when he gets home so Desdemona puts the red handkerchief to his head to make him feel better. Othello pushes away her hand and she drops the handkerchief. Later Emily sees the handkerchief and picks it up knowing it is Desdemona’s. When Emily goes home Iago sees she has the handkerchief and asks her for it and tell her he will give it to Othello. Iago being the villain that he is takes the handkerchief and puts it next to Michael Casio’s head. When he wakes he notices the handkerchief and wonders how it got there but he just puts it in his pocket. Michael is waiting in the garden for Desdemona but Instead of Desdemona showing up Belinda shows up. She goes to hug him and she sees the handkerchief, she takes the handkerchief from him and asks him where he got the handkerchief. Michael swears he has no idea how he got it. Belinda takes the handkerchief and puts it next to her bosom. Othello thinks Desdemona is cheating on him so he goes to look for some proof of it. Othello is walking through the courtyard when he sees Belinda with the handkerchief hanging out her shirt. He goes up to her puts his hands around his neck and asks her where she got the handkerchief that belong to his beloved Desdemona. Belinda thinks it was Desdemona’s then Michael Casio deserves to get in trouble for it, since he lied to me. Othello thinks to himself that if she got it from Michael Casio then Desdemona must have given it to Michael. He now thinks Desdemona has bean cheating in him. Othello feels that he is weak and he needs the rest of his soul back from Desdemona. He goes back to the house with intention to kill Desdemona. He feels he is doing it for honor. He goes to Desdemona and he tells her to free her self of any sins she might have and then strangles her to death while she is pleading to whom she loves the most not to kill her.

Narrative Essay (Life is Full of Mistakes)

It was a bright, cloudless sunny Thursday afternoon around 2pm; my mother and I decided to go grocery shopping. As she drove through the driveway, she saw a DHL delivery package dropped in front of the house dated third of March, 1988. When opening the package, an urgent warning letter was address to her from my elementary school Principal. Immediately, she opened the letter and read through it, her eyes turn red and started shouting on me! Saying; why don't you concentrate on your study? Instantly, I started crying so heavily. All of a sudden, she calm down and looked at me with complete love and said; â€Å"This is just a warning letter.†Then, assure me that she will be there for me in terms of helping me with my studies and daily homework. In addition, she explains that one must never give up and to keep trying. In fact, the mistake I made was not concentrating on my education, which led to a warning letter from the school Principal that I would not be allowed to return for my last year of elementary school because I had not maintained 5 passed subjects. As a matter of fact, not going to school regularly, not doing my homework, and not doing some extra reading at home had caused the letter sent to my parents.This mistake got me in trouble with my mother. First, I felt relieved with the words of encouragement I heard from my mother and thought about what to do to bring my grades up. Quickly, I determined to study so hard in order not to receive the final warning letter from the Children's House School principal. All of a sudden, my best friend came into my house and decided to help me out with some of my homework after seeing the letter. We read together that very day, he showed me the simplest way of getting sums done. Also, told me that he will take me to some of the jet academic competitions to get more knowledge and skills.On getting to the jet competition, I saw a lot of students from different schools taking part in the competition. Additionally, what surprised me at the competition is that the first mathematics question thrown to my friend at the event was the same one we both solve together, and he gave a correct answer when working it out without wasting much time. At the end of the competition, I learn different kind of tactics on how to keep up to date academic status from the students and this really busted my self-determination that I can make it as well.Second, In order to bring my grades up I had to attend school regularly and pay more attention in class. In fact, I was missing school because I lacked the interest and this affected my progress in all my classes especially mathematics and biology. These subject teachers did not want any of their students to miss more than five days in a lesson. If we do, we would lose fifty points, which joined to our advisory grade. As a matter of fact, I had missed ten days and I lost my hundred points. Additionally, these teachers normally talked to me and stated, â€Å"You are one of my favorite students.†They loved the level of my participation when I was in a class, but I had to come to school more because I was constantly taking the tests late. After they spoke to me, I began to start attending school more for a perfect attendance. In fact, I realized that not only was I hurting myself but also hurting my teachers as well. They both saw so much potential in me. Third, another problem is that I do not always do my home-work after school. Every day after school, I would hang out with my friends at the school playing field. In fact, I was not thinking about my importance, I was only thinking about having pleasant.Eventually my mom put her foot down and demanded that I must return straight home after the closing school hour to do my home-work, and she stated that when I got home from school, I felt so tired that I would not be able do any of my home-work. In addition, she continued that coming straight home from school instead of hanging out could im prove progress in a class. As a matter of fact, elementary science and mathematics subjects need much extra practice after school hour. Moreover, I was taking elementary science and mathematics, and I failed them twice.These classes involved a lot of reading and solving, and I did not spend much time practicing for these classes, as I should have. In fact, I dropped out of these classes because my final score was low; I knew that I could not handle these classes. Therefore, looking on how to improve my grades, I realize that am a strong person. As a matter of fact, I was not used to having a good grade, but I did not act as if it was the end of the world. Then, I simply changed so much in my studying habits and the school attendance. In fact, I determined not to have a grade below 5 pass subjects again.Lastly, I made it to the next class level with the help of my friend, class teachers, and my parents. Furthermore, I am doing my best not to receive the grades I had for the first ter m of my junior year. In fact, I had learned from my mistakes and I did fix them. During the second term of my junior year, I had struggled a lot and my intention is to passed 5 subjects or above and I did. In conclusion, now I felt so happy that my academic learning skills have improved than before and the experience I had from the jet academic competition changed my life.Additionally, my mother ideas of monitoring my class-work progress and congratulating me on my small successes in daily tests regularly really motivate me to do better and give me more confident of passing any upcoming class-work, test, and exam. Then, I maintained the status of competency up to the secondary school and to the college level. What I realized about reading, going to school regularly, and doing my homework is that it makes me stronger and improved the level of my Intellectual thinking skills.

Aqua Silencer Essay

This project is an attempt to reduce the toxic content of diesel exhaust, before it is emitted to the atmosphere. This system can be safely used for diesel power packs which could be used in inflammable atmospheres, such as refineries, chemicals processing industries, open cost mines and other confined areas, which demands the need for diesel power packs. WORKING PRINCIPLE The aqua silencer is more effective in the reduction of emission gases from the engine exhaust gas using perforated tube. By using perforated tube the back Pressure. Will remain constant and the sound level is reduced. Using the perforated tube the fuel consumption remains same as conventional system. By using water as a medium the sound can be lowered and also by using activated charcoal in water. We can control the exhaust emission to a grater level. The water contamination is found to be negligible in aqua silencer, because the amount of acidity level in aqua silencer is expected to be below the dangerous acidity. It is smokeless and pollution free emission and also very cheap. The aqua silencer’s performance is almost equivalent to the conventional silencer. ADVANTAGES Diesel engines are playing a vital role in Road and sea transport, Agriculture, mining and many other industries. Considering the available fuel resources and the present technological development, Diesel fuel is evidently indispensable In general, the consumption of fuel is an index for finding out the economic strength of any country.

Free Essays on Refective Thought

The question of genetic and environmental influences on a person’s behavior sparked my interest after the lecture and discussion about the terrorist attacks on September 11th. It also gained my interest after reading the first chapter of the text. The question was raised in class ‘Do you think the actions of the terrorists are genetic or environmental?’ This topic relates to a personal situation, in trying to understand the reasons why my brother has developed considerably different and negative behavior patterns than myself. My brother is five years younger than myself and we were born to average middle class parents. There were no significant differences in our upbringing and I assume we were taught the same morals and values. His negative behavior began at the age of five, beginning with a shoplifting experience, which led to a path of crime, drug use and social system abuse. My interest is in what caused him to develop into this kind of individual. I recall, that at the age of thirteen, my parents took him to a psychologist to try and find an answer. The only comment that I remember coming from my parents after the visit was that my brother had a very high IQ and therefore was probably bored. I wonder now if the psychologist undertook the right approach in analyzing him. Why didn’t the psychologist use the Behavioral Approach? He could have interviewed my parents to see how their actions might be influencing his behavior and suggest changes. Could he not have suggested watching my brother’s behavior among his friends and asked teachers to observe his behavior in school as his failing grades were a main reason for the visit? He could have used the Psychoanalytic Approach and maybe found that his behavior was due to some early childhood experience. Could he have thought, as like Freud, that his personality had been etched in stone since he was five? The Humanistic Approach may have suggested that my brother was c hoosin... Free Essays on Refective Thought Free Essays on Refective Thought The question of genetic and environmental influences on a person’s behavior sparked my interest after the lecture and discussion about the terrorist attacks on September 11th. It also gained my interest after reading the first chapter of the text. The question was raised in class ‘Do you think the actions of the terrorists are genetic or environmental?’ This topic relates to a personal situation, in trying to understand the reasons why my brother has developed considerably different and negative behavior patterns than myself. My brother is five years younger than myself and we were born to average middle class parents. There were no significant differences in our upbringing and I assume we were taught the same morals and values. His negative behavior began at the age of five, beginning with a shoplifting experience, which led to a path of crime, drug use and social system abuse. My interest is in what caused him to develop into this kind of individual. I recall, that at the age of thirteen, my parents took him to a psychologist to try and find an answer. The only comment that I remember coming from my parents after the visit was that my brother had a very high IQ and therefore was probably bored. I wonder now if the psychologist undertook the right approach in analyzing him. Why didn’t the psychologist use the Behavioral Approach? He could have interviewed my parents to see how their actions might be influencing his behavior and suggest changes. Could he not have suggested watching my brother’s behavior among his friends and asked teachers to observe his behavior in school as his failing grades were a main reason for the visit? He could have used the Psychoanalytic Approach and maybe found that his behavior was due to some early childhood experience. Could he have thought, as like Freud, that his personality had been etched in stone since he was five? The Humanistic Approach may have suggested that my brother was c hoosin...

How to Write IEP (Individualized Education Plan) Goals

How to Write IEP (Individualized Education Plan) Goals An Individualized Education Program (IEP) is a written plan developed for special education students. The IEP is generally updated annually by a team that often includes the special education teacher, special education administrator, general education teacher, specialists such as speech, occupational, and physical therapists, as well as a school nurse. Writing IEP goals correctly is vital to a special education students success because, unlike in general or regular education, students in special education are legally entitled to an education plan specifically tailored to their cognitive and physical ability and needs. The IEP goals lay out the roadmap for providing such an education. Key Takeaways: SMART IEP Goals IEP goals should be SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and time-bound.SMART IEP goals are realistic for the student to achieve and explain how the student will accomplish them.Smart IEP goals always consider the students present levels of performance and include a brief description of how progress will be measured as well as what constitutes successful completion of each goal. SMART IEP Goals All IEP goals should be SMART goals, an acronym that refers to goals as specific, measurable, achievable, results-oriented, and time-bound. A SMART IEP goal will be realistic for the student to achieve and lay out how the student will accomplish it. Breaking down the components of SMART goals into their specific elements can make them easier to write. Specific: The goal should be specific in naming the skill or subject area and the targeted result. For example, a goal that is not specific might read, Adam will be a better reader. Such a goal fails to provide any details. Measurable: You should be able to measure the goal using standardized tests,  curriculum-based measurements  or screening, work samples, or even teacher-charted data. A goal that is not measurable might read, Joe will get better at solving math problems. Attainable: A lofty goal that is not attainable can discourage both teacher and student. A goal that is not attainable might read, Frank will ride public transportation all over town without any mistakes any time he wants. If Frank has never ridden public transportation, this goal is likely out of reach. Results-oriented: The goal should clearly spell out the expected result. A poorly worded goal might read, Margie will increase her eye contact with others. Theres no way to measure that and no indication of what the result might be. Time-bound: The goal should state specifically by what date the student is expected to accomplish it. A goal lacking a time expectation might read, Joe will explore career opportunities. Consider Present Level of Performance To write SMART goals, the IEP team needs to know the present levels at which the student is functioning. For example, you wouldnt expect a student to learn algebra by the next IEP if she is currently struggling to add two-digit numbers. Its important that the current levels of performance accurately and honestly reflect the students abilities and deficiencies. A report on the present levels of performance often begins with a statement of the students strengths, preferences, and interests. They would then cover: Academic skills: This lists the students ability in math, reading, and writing, and spells out deficiencies in these areas compared to grade-level peers. Communication development: This describes the level of communication at which the student is functioning as well as any deficits compared to same-age peers. If the student has speech deficits or is using vocabulary and sentence structure that are below grade-level peers, that would be noted here. Emotional/social skills: This describes the students social and emotional abilities, such as getting along with others, initiating and taking part in conversations with friends and classmates, and responding appropriately to stress. An issue in this area could interfere with a students ability to learn and interact with teachers and peers. Monitor Progress Once the IEP team has agreed on a set of goals for the year, its important to monitor the students progress toward meeting those goals. The process for monitoring the students progress is often included in the IEP goals themselves. For example, a SMART goal listed previously reads as follows: Penelope will be able to solve two-digit addition problems with 75 percent accuracy as measured by work samples, teacher-charted data, and standardized tests. For this goal, the teacher would collect work samples over a period of time, such as a week or month, to indicate Penelopes progress. Data collection  refers to regularly assessing a student’s success on individual items in her goals, usually at least once a week. For example, the teacher and paraprofessionals might maintain a daily or weekly log that shows how accurately Penelope is solving two-digit multiplication problems on a daily or weekly basis. Review and Update Benchmarks as Needed Since goals are written to cover an entire year, they are generally broken into benchmarks. These might be quarterly periods where the teacher and staff can monitor how well the student is progressing toward the specific goal. For example, the first benchmark might require Penelope to solve two-digit problems with 40 percent accuracy by the end of the first quarter; the second benchmark, three months later, might require her to solve problems at 50 percent accuracy, while a third might call for a 60 percent accuracy rate. If the student is not close to achieving these benchmarks, the team can include an addendum adjusting the final goal to a more reasonable level, such as 50 percent accuracy. Doing so provides the student with a more realistic chance of achieving the goal in the long run. IEP Goal Examples IEP goals should, as noted, follow the SMART acronym, ensuring that they are specific, measurable, achievable, results-oriented, and time-bound. Following are some examples: Adam will be  able to read a passage orally in a grade-level book at 110 to 130 words per minute with no more than 10 errors. This goal is specific because it specifies exactly how many words Adam will be able to read in a minute as well as the acceptable error rate. As another example, a SMART goal that is measurable might read: Penelope will be able to solve two-digit addition problems with 75 percent accuracy as measured by work samples, teacher-charted data, and standardized tests. This goal is measurable because it specifies the desired accuracy percentage on all work samples. A goal that is attainable goal might read: By the next meeting, Joe will travel from school to home safely on a public transportation bus once a week with 100 percent accuracy as measured by teacher-charted data. Put another way, this is a goal that Joe might well be able to reach; hence, it is attainable. A results-oriented goal could state: Margie will look the person speaking to her in the eye 90 percent of the time in four out of five daily opportunities, as measured by teacher-charted data. This goal focuses on results: It specifies what, exactly, the outcome will be if Margie reaches the goal. (Shell be able to look a person in the eye 90 percent of the time.) A time-bound goal, by contrast, might read: By the next meeting, Joe will explore career opportunities through a variety of media (such as books, library, internet, newspaper, or tours of job sites) with 100 percent accuracy in four out of five weekly trials, as measured by teacher-charted observation/data. Importantly, this goal specifies when Joe should reach the goal (by the next meeting, likely a year from the date the goal was initially accepted by the IEP team). With this goal, everyone on the IEP team is aware that Joe is expected to have explored the specified career opportunities by the next meeting.

Cost of Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Cost of Capital - Essay Example Nevertheless, for the companies operating in the high risk industries, it becomes necessary to consider not only the equity-to-debt ratio, but also the ratio of the liquid cash held versus the debt held by the company. The consideration of the debt to cash ratio is important, owing to the fact that it enables such high-risk industry companies to plan on how to insure their R&D projects, depending on the nature of risks that is posed by the research. Balancing the cash that a company should hold in liquid with the debt owed by the company also presents some disadvantages to the high-risk companies, owing to the fact that there is always an opportunity costs (Eilenberger, 2010). For example, a company deciding to insure its R&D for its high risky projects requires to maintain a lot of liquid cash to pay for the insurance premiums, while that cash could have been invested elsewhere by the company, and generated some financial returns. The other notable challenge faced by companies in their determination of the cost of capital and how to apply the capital, is related to the prioritization of projects. Companies require to determine which projects are most likely going to generate high returns compared to others, and then invest in them. The major challenge associated with such prioritization is when a company predicts that a certain project is likely to generate more returns than others, only to find that in reality the case is different. This is a high risk of opportunity costs, because it means that the company will have already foregone the benefits it would have obtained from the foregone project (Eilenberger, 2010). Additionally, companies are also increasingly faced by the challenge of balancing between investing in projects that have a high potential for generating returns for the company, versus the projects that may not generate as much returns, but that are capable of benefiting a large number of people in the society. All these

Political science 5030 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Political science 5030 - Term Paper Example In midst of this, all stock prices also began to drop. Finally, On October 24, 1929, the stock market crashed burst, as investors began dumping shares. When 16 million shares finally possessed no value, the dark era of the Great Depression started. The Great Depression was a turning point for America to find its true identity. Social and economic change was not only necessary but vital towards the success of America itself. While recession continued to haunt countries worldwide, the progressive movement and the new deal established a solid ground for fundamental change. The progressive movement represented a logical evolution from the Progressive Era because it introduced new programs, embedded reform and paved the way for greatness for the nation as outlined by the Progressive Era. The progressive movement and the new deal in essence were similar in many ways. First and foremost was the fact that it halted the progress of rebellion that was about to up heal during the industrial era. The progressive movement introduced new economic programs. The effort to improve society was a major push that was new to the nation as key issues such as reforming working conditions and assisting the mentally ill people challenged the whole notion of old traditions. Progressivism at its best aimed to remove corruption by imposing child labor laws, addressing lynching based on racism, and removing politicians that were involved in illegal business practices. At the local level, progressivism continued to display brilliant signs of reform as the construction of schools was pushed, political machines were dissolved, and politics was addressed in an efficient manner. Similarly, the New Deal, was a focal point of domestic reform. Roosevelt’s New Deal was considered of two phas es that were planned to recovery and relief. These were crucial towards the toad to recovery. The first phase concentrated on

Radio summury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Radio summury - Essay Example They are of compelling topics, and they aim at advertising new music (Bing, Alison, & John, 314). It is an engaging program that an individual does not get tired of listening. The reception from the listeners is positive, and this markets the program. In addition, the songs played deliver significant messages to the people. It promotes cultural diversity, which directly facilitates peace and cohesion among the people. However, the show would be livelier in the presence of co-host. One hour a long time for one host and he gets tired and bored during the show. Also, to criticize the music two parties are required because one person cannot praise and criticize the same song. In addition, there many callers at the same time and this cause delays in the program. During commercial breaks, advertisements appealing to the listeners to support the program are aired. This is a brilliant strategy for the station to get funds from well wishers who are fans of the show, Music from Other Minds. : 50 Contests (the host tell the listeners to vote for their best song by sending certain codes for the songs to get the song of the day. He also asks a question based on the played songs where the winner gets a free copy of the songs tape and compact disc.) : 58 Ending remarks (the song that has the majority votes is announced and the listener who won the question of the day is rewarded. The host ends the show with the winning song playing- Beyonce Knowles

Vodafone Analysis: Marketing Mix, SWOT and PESTLE

Vodafone Analysis: Marketing Mix, SWOT and PESTLE OBJECTIVES OF THE BRAND AUDITING To know the these days market scenario of Vodafone Cellular Services w.r.t. not only the Indian, on the other share extremely for the field wide Cellular Services. To know the Marketing-Mix of the Vodafone Services. To find elsewhere the customer response for the Vodafone Services. BACKGROUND OF THE CELLULAR Utility INDUSTRY In November of 2006, India reached 100 million GSM subscribers. This places it at 3rd, persist China and Russia, in national subscribers to GSM. All told, there are 140 million cellular subscribers in India. With a total population of 1.1 billion, this system that 12.7% of the population uses cell phones. Compare this to China, with 449 million subscribers and a population of 1.3 billion, with 34.5% saturation. Both countries have cellular concentrations in their major cities, with some spotty coverage in outskirt villages. If you contemplate at this graphic, youll see that the major cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai cause up about 20.7% of cellular usage. Not only does the native land have margin for growth, on the other artisan the governments rationale is to have 500 million subscribers by 2010. GSM will provide the course of action for this duration as will expansion of companies enjoy Texas Instruments. With that in meaning, finding an entrance into the Indian cellul ar market can be difficult. So, many of the companies have operations in other countries and are not a pure play. Hutchison Telecom Int Ltd (HTX) is a multinational society based in Hong Kong, whose Indian manner, Hutchison Essar, has an impressive 25% market knowledge in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai. They extremely have an impressive presence in the smaller cities and more rural areas of India. Their business in India is just a parcel of the puzzle, as Hutchison Telecom has operations in a number of Asian markets. HTX isnt the meaning to enter into this market, as they are looking to sell off the Hutchison Essar division, for 14 billion USD. Maxis Communications BHD [5051.KU], U.S. private-equity kingdom Texas Pacific Quota [TPG.XX], Vodafone Plenty PLC (VOD), Indias Reliance Communications Ltd. [532712.BY], and Indias Essar Quota are among those interested in buying the native land. Whoever buys this division will ease from the strong market presence, GMS capability and duration practicable. A kingdom with a mini footprint in the cellular market is Mahanagar Ring Nigam Ltd (MTE), which trades in ADRs on the NYSE. Unfortunately, they have a petty market presence (2.3 million subscribers) and offer cellular servicing only in Delhi and Mumbai. Land-line call services bring in the majority of their revenue. Revenue from mobile services only brought in 10% of their revenue in the persist fiscal year. Between March and November, their cellular subscribers have grown 21%. The cellular market in India stands to facilitate their duty and if they can increase the scope of their internet services, the credible of that market will extremely facilitate them. COMPETITIVE Subject OF CELLULAR SERVICES IN INDIA Airtel is ranked number one in terms of building brand equity. Vodafone is ranked second in maintaining reliability, knowledge, esteem. The brisk competitor of Vodafone is Airtel followed by Sense, Tata, Reliance and BSNL. Brand equity can be managed by stressing on brand loyalty, creating brand responses .i.e. how customers respond to the brand marketing career, focusing on the customers personal impression and probation, by increasing brand quality .i.e. services that are been provided by Vodafone ,brand credibility .i.e. the kingdom should have a beneficial reputation in the minds of the customers. Airtel is in a superior way than Vodafone in terms of Brand Reputation bill. Vodafone is having highest Brand equity valuation in the Indian Cellular Services Industries. Airtel This kingdom was established in 1995 by Sunil Mittal as a Universal Limited Gathering, Airtel is the largest telecom overhaul provider in Indian telecom sector. With market capitalization of over Rs. 1,360 billion, Airtel has 31% of total market knowledge of GSM servicing providers. Providing GSM services in all the 23 circles, Airtel was the first private player in telecom sector to connect all states of India. Extremely, Airtel is the first mobile overhaul provider to introduce the generation prepaid services and electronic recharge systems. After establishing itself in the domestic market, Airtel is these days spreading its wings in US by providing its mobile overhaul under the reputation call home to the NRIs. Having achieved huge success in mobile services- postpaid and prepaid- Airtel has at once entered fixed-line telephony providing broadband services in 92 cities across India. The society has an optical fiber network of 35,016 km and a customer mould of 35,440,406 GSM mobile and 1,819,083 broadband subscribers. About Vodafone The society was formed in 1984 as a subsidiary of Racal Electronics. By 1991, it was a separate class, known by its present reputation, and with its first controlled overseas development in Malta. A combination of acquisitions and partnerships with other networks has made Vodafone the worlds largest mobile telecommunications society, with equity interests in 26 countries across five continents and partnerships in another 14. Vodafone is teaching itself quickly to have a deeply ingrained customer understanding in line to cause it nimble while developing the scale, scope, and potency of a large multinational. The focus on customer understanding and segmentation knowledge is highly salient to insure that Vodafone doesnt get sluggish and is able to deliver on customer needs rapidly. Vodafone is the worlds largest mobile telecommunications community, employing over 65,000 staff and with over 130 million customers. The business operates in 25countries worldwide across 5 continents 40 partn er network with200 million customer worldwide. Vodafone is a public limited convention with listings on the London and Virgin York stock exchanges. Global recognition of the Vodafone brand is growing as the gathering rolls elsewhere its identity into modern markets. On the other share, it retains limited names and imagery in markets where this is authentic to maintaining the trust of customers. To relieve promote its image worldwide, Vodafone uses leading sports stars from high profile global sports, including David Beckham and Michael Schumacher. Basically our objectives were to find elsewhere the behaviors of the consumers towards the Quality of the product. After the cost of the product. After the acceptable presentation of the product which includes the utility. If the consumer is after or comes for particular product and why, either by rationale of of effective advertisement on the media enjoy television or info papers or other means of advertisement. Vodafone Essar in India is a subsidiary of Vodafone quota commenced transaction in 1994 when its predecessor Hutchison telecom acquired cellular licenses for Mumbai. These days it has operations in 16 circles covering Indias mobile customer mould with 34.1 million customers. Vodafone Essar under hutch brand has named the most respected telecom society best mobile servicing in native land. They are most effective creative advertiser of the year. Vodafone has partner with Essar plenty as its principal joint venture partner for Indian market. Vodafone launched there brand across in India on 21st September 2007 Essar plenty has diversified Office Kingdom with governance in manufacturing as well as utility sector. Steel Force Potency Indication Shipping logistics Constructions Mission Statement We will be the communications leader in an increasingly connected area Vodafone Quota Plc is the worlds influential mobile telecommunications kingdom, with a significant presence in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and the United States through the Companys subsidiary undertakings, joint ventures, associated undertakings and investments. The Groups mobile subsidiaries manipulate under the brand term Vodafone. In the United States the Groups associated undertaking operates as Verizon Wireless. During the persist two financial years, the Quota has extremely entered into arrangements with network operators in countries where the Parcel does not hold an equity stake. Under the terms of these Partner Network Agreements, the Quota and its partner networks co-operate in the development and marketing of global services under dual brand logos. At 31 December 2008, based on the registered customers of mobile telecommunications ventures in which it had ownership interests at that h our, the Plenty had 289 million customers, excluding paging customers, calculated on a proportionate target in accordance with the Companys percentage polity in these ventures. The Companys ordinary shares are listed on the London Stock Interchange and the Companys American Depositary Shares (ADSs) are listed on the Virgin York Stock Interchange. The Gathering had a total market capitalization of on all sides of  £74 billion at 31 December 2008. Vodafone Portion Plc is a regular limited society incorporated in England under registered number 1833679. Its registered office is Vodafone Habitat, The Connection, Newbury, and Berkshire, RG14 2FN, England. Vodafone is the worlds largest provider of voice and string letter services to consumers and enterprise customers. The society employs about 66,000 community on all sides of the existence. The native land headquarter is situated in Berkshire, UK. Vodafone operates through single reportable business segment: servicing of communications services and products. At the speck of March 2007, the native land had 206 million customers worldwide. (Vodafone, 2007) VODAFONES STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES Revenue stimulation and cost reduction in Europe Innovate and deliver on our customers total memo needs Deliver strong activity in emerging markets Actively manage our portfolio to maximize returns Align capital structure and shareholder returns policy to strategy Key issues and problems Key issues and problems for Vodafone insert how the kingdom manages to coordinate its growth and to maintain its competitive servicing in the dramatically changing market area of the dynamic telecommunication sector. BRAND ELEMENTS OF VODAFONE VODAFONES BRAND MANTRA Vodafones internal brand mantra is simple and memorable. It stands for Prize, Reliability and Innovation. It is referred to throughout all business activities across the existence. BRAND Bill BRAND PERSONALITY OF VODAFONE A series of virgin corporate values and four desired brand personality traits for Vodafone were identified: Energetic Passionate Proactive Expert To instill the contemporary brand personality traits within the attitudes of employees at Vodafone, NKD chose a teaching pathway that involved hands-on experiential learning using a range of sensory techniques. At each learning interval, employees were immersed in a friendly, themed existence which exuded the virgin Vodafone brand personality. NKD focused on three core programmers to reinforce the modern kingdom branding. A series of live events called Winning Together was used to inspire the companys 400 retail employees and equip them with world-class sales skills. This has by target of become the induction program for all modern retail employees. All shop managers and limited area managers attended a two-day session called Salient Together, which provided leadership and governance skills designed to be applied back in the workplace. Staying Together was a live subject of key community processes, transforming them where necessary to reflect the modern retail promise, brand person ality and society culture. VODAFONES PERSONALITY CAMPAIGN Strengths Influential Consistent Integrated Weaknesses Not own able Not sustainable Vodafones brand essence is: Red: For the prize and spirit. Rock Solid: dependable and empathetic Restless: always challenging to improve and career funny. COMPETITIVE Utility The competitive utility of Vodafone Services was that, that it is equally strong as Mobil ink on the other share at an affordable bill. This function possesses some kind of uniqueness which the other brand does not possess. Which differences to promote Not all brand differences are salient or worth-while not every difference makes skilled differences are primary or worth-while not every difference practise a beneficial differentiator. Each difference has the feasible to draw up society costs as well as customer benefits .therefore; the kingdom must carefully appropriate the ways in which it will distinguish itself from competitors. A difference is valuation establishing to the extents that it satisfies the later criteria: Affordable: Our services are a unique in many aspects; one of them is the valuation. We have offered our comment services at low cost than the other services. We are able to do this by target of of the virgin technology, equipments, and accessories. The contemporary techniques relieve us to minimize the valuation in the tea production. Influential: The difference delivers a highly valued facilitate to target buyer. Superior: The difference is superior to other ways that customers might receive the same facilitate. Communicable: The difference is communicable and visible to buyers. Preemptive: Competitors cannot easily draw up the difference. Profitable: The product must provide a authentic advice to consumer. With a large market knowledge in Indias major cities and presence elsewhere of the cities, they will be able to capitalize on Indias cell call expansion. Hutchison has said that it will not select anything less than 14 billion and assorted think that the offers are creeping closer to 20 billion. Vodafone is a major player in this acquisition, on the other artisan they have some hurdles to overcome. Vodafone has levy forward a non-binding offer of 16.5 billion, on the other share Essar has a chance to match this, and with the backing of Reliance Communications, the ante could come close to 20 billion. Essar Groups these days 33% stake in the society gives them salient influence if Vodafone were to try to practise changes to the society post-acquisition. If Vodafone does really get Hutchison Essar, the knowledge valuation might drop pending the final purchase cost. I would wait and examine the outcome of this before making a move on Vodafone. If its shares drop when the offer is announ ced, I would pick them up. The street meaning Vodafone spent extremely all the more when it acquired Turkeys Telsim Mobil Telekomunikasyon, on the other share Vodafone quickly turned that native land on all sides of and it is in a all the more in a superior system position. Facing cellular saturation in the European market, Vodafone has found acceptable activity credible in emerging markets and acquiring Hutchison Essar would only strengthen its office as Indias cellular market begins to explode. VODAFONES MARKETING MIX -4PS A longer reputation marketing strategy is underpinned by careful planning and a successful marketing mix. The marketing mix is a combination of many features that can be represented by the four Ps. Product features and benefits of a skilled or utility Place where the acceptable or servicing can be bought Valuation the valuation of a acceptable or utility Promotion how customers are made aware of a skilled or overhaul. Product A product with many different features provides customers with opportunities to chat, play games, dispatch and appropriate pictures, moderate ring tones, select string about travel and sporting events, hire billing string and soon impression video clips and dispatch video messages. Vodafone live! Provides on-the-move string services. Place Vodafone UK operates over 300 of its own stores. It extremely sells through independent retailers e.g. Machine ring Warehouse. Customers are able to examine and practice products they are considering buying. Community are on labourer to ensure customers needs are matched with the correct product and to explain the different options available. Bill Vodafone wants to practise its services accessible to as assorted community as practicable: from the young, through apprentices and high powered business executives, to the more mature users. It offers various pricing structures to suit different customer groups. Monthly reward plans are available as well as prepay options. Call users can top up their telephone on dossier. Vodafone UK gives NECTAR reward points for every  £1 spent on calls, subject messages, picture messages and phone tones. Promotion Vodafone works with icons such as David Beckham to communicate its brand values. Above the list Advertising on TV, on billboards, in magazines and in other media outlets reaches large audiences and spreads the brand image and the comment extremely effectively. This is known as above the borderline promotion. Below the dossier Stores have special offers, promotions and speck of sale posters to attract those inside the stores to purchase. Vodafones stores, its products and its staff all project the brand image. Vodafone actively develops skilled regular relations by sending press releases to national newspapers and magazines to explain contemporary products and ideas. BRAND AND CUSTOMER COMMUNICATIONS Among all the Brand most powerful brands ranking is Ranked 9th globally. Vodafone has continued to focus on delivering a superior, consistent and differentiated customer participation through its brand and communications activities. A virgin Marketing Framework has been developed and implemented across the office, which includes a contemporary vision of expanding the Groups category from mobile only to total communications to be the communications leader in an increasingly connected existence. Brand and customer participation continues to implement Vodafones promise of helping customers cause the most of their interval. The brand utility has extremely developed a methodology to develop competitive limited market brand positioning, with limited brand positioning projects these days implemented in 12 markets. To enable the consistent practice of the Vodafone brand, a fix of guidelines has been developed in areas such as advertising, retail, online and merchandising, all including naked truth on how to cause the brand duty across every touch speck. By rationale of June 2006, eight markets have implemented the global retail base. In September 2007, Vodafone welcomed India with the Hutch is these days Vodafone campaign. The migration from Hutch to Vodafone was one of the fastest and most comprehensive brand transitions in the novel of the Plenty, with 400,000 multi brand outlets, over 350 Vodafone stores, over 1,000 petty stores, over 35 mobile stores and over 3,000 touch points reframed in two months, with 60% completed within 48 hours of the regulate. Vodafone regularly conducts Brand Health Tracking, which is designed to measure the brand performance against a number of key metrics and practise insights to facilitate the polity of the Vodafone brand across all Vodafone branded operating companies. This tracking has been in place by rationale of 2002 and provides continuous historical list against key metrics in all 19 Vodafone branded operating markets. Each operating society manages a interpret that complies with the standards and methodology fix by Vodafone Plenty Insights. An external accredited and inde pendent market trial aggregation provides global coordination of the methodology, reporting and subject. As a result of these activities the Vodafone brand is these days ranked number 11 in the Brand Top 100 global brands record, recently published in The Financial Times, with an estimated bill attributable to the brand of  £18.7 billion. For the 2008 financial year, Vodafone brand preference among its own users reached 81.9%, up 2.0 percentage points on the previous financial year, and a performance level that is 1.0 percentage speck higher than its closest competitors. In addition, the brand control among non-users of the brand has increased in the 2008 financial year to 33.5%, 1.8 percentage points above its market knowledge. STP Controversy Segmentation Mode Generation Overhaul usage Area of customer Duration of overhaul Geographical poser Targeting Vodafone is adopting a multi segment approach. They are offering a series of differentiated products to their respective market. Habitat calling cards for the family of those professionals who used to business abroad. Rs. 10 recharge for mini users. Cheap SMS facilities for youth. Facilities for circle users. Positioning -Where you go network follows you. Hutch as a brand always tried to connect with consumers in simple honest authentic transaction, while Vodafone is more young fun brand. So consumers will scrutinize a shift reflecting a more vibrant brand. The pug actor Irfan Khan will be retained for the brand promotion. They are talking about the exclusively of the network services they are offering to customers. Stores Mass media coverage Innovative distribution to reach customer Exclusive shops Hubs spoke Associate distributor Customer function Shop call centers Vans Relieve desk BRAND POSITIONING OF VODAFONE IN 1997-98 Brand Positioning of Vodafone currently VODAFONES POSITIONING OPPORTUNITY Differentiate the market using two vastness: service and consumer mindset. Telstra, as the traditional market leader, was perceived to have an audience comprising a conservative and older mindset. Its communications reinforced this perception. Optus with a servicing focus was increasingly becoming a conservative son of Telstra. BRAND EQUITY Probation OF VODAFONE Vodafone stands 9th position among all over the worlds brands in the terms of brand valuation. Points of Parity and Points of Difference of Vodafone Airtel Points of Parity Both the brands have same pricing strategies. Both the brands have same market segmentation. Points of Difference Target customers of Vodafone are middle troop citizens whereas Airtel targets the elite and up market aggregation citizens. Airtel positions itself as a lifestyle brand whereas Vodafone positions itself as habitual mans brand. SWOT Subject OF VODAFONE Strengths Diversified geographical portfolio with strong mobile telecommunications operations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and to some amplitude the US Network infrastructure Influential presence in emerging markets such as India Weaknesses Slender focus of coercion of mobile on climate. Negative reimburse on assets (ROA) under perform key competitors liking ATT, BT Portion, Deutsche Telecom US business not nearly as strong as European/rest of the existence operations 80% of its duty is generated in Europe (see below for explanation) Opportunities Improve accessibility to wide range of customers Focus on cost reductions improving returns Majority stake in Hutchison Essar in India Probation and development of modern mobile technologies Threats Highly competitive market All the more lags extreme major competitors in the US Besides high penetration rates in key European markets European Union rule on cross-border cell telephone usage by customers Airtel is the biggest threat in India, it has maximum market participation in India. Meet the rising expectations of the brand loyal customers. PEST Examination Its an controversy of native land at broad macro level examines the kingdom under heading of political,  economic, social technological factors. Political- governmental legal issues affecting how gathering operates Edict Infrastructure Banning of telephone in trustworthy circumstances Health issues Economical Factors influencing the purchasing force of customer companies publish of capital. Valuation of 3G licenses Reward of telephone duration driven down. Worldwide recession. Third existence countries. Social Demographic cultural aspects of existence witch influence customer needs market bigness. Health subject. Demographic social trends. Picture phones. Mobile Etiquette. Saturation site. Technological Modernization innovativeness over a hour of generation influential to contemporary contemporary  technology. The cellular services has been started modern technologies enjoy following- 3G UMTS (2.5G) GPRS/WAP SMS/MMS The VRIO Framework Reward Rarity Imitability Aggregation Competitive implications Network infrastructure Yes No No Yes Competitive parity Diversified revenue base Yes Yes No Yes Temporary competitive utility Salient market position Yes Yes Yes Yes Sustained competitive function Network infrastructure One of Vodafones key technologies and wealth is the strong network infrastructure that supports its operations. To be able to provide mobile services, a strong network infrastructure is fundamental for the society. Vodafone operates 2G networks, through GSM networks, in all its mobile operating subsidiaries, offering its customers services such as voice, subject messaging and basic string services. All the networks application GPRS or 2.5G as well, which enables wireless access with mobile devices to list networks prize the internet. Vodafone extremely controls 3G networks offering its customers mobile broadband record access services allowing list download speeds of up to 384 kilobits per second. 2006 launched High Rapidity Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) technology shortens download times significantly with record transmission speeds of up to 3.6 megabits per second and makes the usage of mobile broadband services all the more more skilled for the customers. HSDPA is enabled in the existing 3G network with after software updates. (Vodafone, 2007) The strong network infrastructure is a primary resource and enables the native land to respond to the growing customer needs with high quality services these days and in the ultimate. This salient resource is not a rarity in the wireless telecommunication industry and therefore it cannot be costly for the competitors to imitate. Many of the worlds large mobile operators have the same access to the same technology as Vodafone and a governance over massive networks. Vodafone is extremely well organized to exploit the all-inclusive competitive practicable of the network infrastructure by providing the employees a productive and safe working nature with good-looking performance based incentives. This resource is an organizational compel and generates a competitive parity. Diversified revenue mould By acquisitions, stakes in companies, and partner networks Vodafone has strategically expanded its presence to consider the whole existence. The native land has equity interests in 25 countries. Vodafones partner network arrangements extend to a further 38 countries. (Vodafone, 2007) Vodafone has significant mobile operations in countries such as Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, E gypt, Kenya, South Africa, Australia and Contemporary Zealand. In 2007 the largest geographic region was Germany with a contribution of 17.1% to the total revenue, followed by UK 16.3%, Spain 14.1%, Italy 13.5%, and other Europe 13.5%. Arcor and Pacific contributed 9%, Middle East, Africa and Asia 8.2%, and Eastern Europe the rest 9% of the revenues. (Datamonitor, 2007) Vodafones global reach and geographically diversified revenue base is a leading resource for the native land. This primary resource helps the kingdom to compensate its risks and losses. As diversified as Vodafones revenue replica is it is a rarity within the wireless telecommunication industry. Vodafones strategy is to actively plain their portfolio by investing into markets that offer a strong limited position. With strict financial investment criteria Vodafone maximizes its and its shareholders returns. (Vodafone, 2007) Vodafones competitors would not face a bill disadvantage in trying to imitate this resource. It is more about the strategy that a society implements than about the financial resources. Vodafone is well organized to exploit the plentiful competitive feasible of this leading and infrequent resource. The Boards argument is to generate trustworthy that the companys employees are aware of Vodafones strategic goals and mutual obligations. This resource is an organizational vigour and distinctive potency and generates a temporary competitive utility. Influential market position Vodafone is the worlds primary mobile telecommunications society. Vodafone operates in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and the US by subsidiary undertakings, associated undertakings and investments. In countries with significant operations Vodafones market shares are impressive; Germany 36%, Italy 33%, Spain 31%, UK 26%, South Africa 58%, US 25%, Egypt 48%, and Australia 18%. (Dossier monitor, 2007) A strong market share with the market leader position is an extremely influential and meagre resource which improves the companys brand image and gives it a solid foundation to enter contemporary credible markets. This resource is imperfectly imitable and the competitors would face a cost disadvantage in obtaining or developing it. Vodafones market leader position is based on the liking and effort of the companys employees. The society is well organized to plain effectively its employees to reach their all-inclusive practicable and benefiting themselves and the native land. This resource is an organizational coercion and sustainable distinctive potency and generates a sustained competitive overhaul. Porter Five Forces Of Vodafone Rivalry The threat of rivalry in this business is impacted by the low number of big firms in the market. There are a sporadic numbers of large firms worldwide that competes for the market share; this lowers the threat of rivalry. The firms that are in the profession on the other artisan are besides competitive and by rationale of of a relative slow market activity in this industry the firms fight over the market shares that are elsewhere there and that increase the threat. There is extremely a low level of switching costs to